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Critically Endangered
80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 5
A small percentage of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing very rapidly.
5
Transmission
Transmission 5
There are only a few elderly speakers.
5
Bibliography
Bibliography of Vitality:
Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.
Bibliography of Locations:
Personal communication from Willem Adelaar, 2015, on Tunayana.
Bibliography of Context:
Personal communication from Willem Adelaar, 2015, on Tunayana.