Also Known As:
San Carlos-Southern Tonto, San Carlos Apache, White River Apache, Cibecu, Tonto, San Carlos Cluster, Arivaipa, Apache (Western), Apache, Apache, Western, Coyotero
Dialects & Varieties
Recent Resources
This video provides the lyrics to the gospel song, "Nearer My God To Thee," translated into the West
Language Apache (Western). apw_word-list_1996_05.html, entries: 47 - 68
Language Apache (Western). apw_word-list_1996_08.html, entries: 122 - 140
Threatened
80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<14,000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 3
Only about half of community members speak the language. Speaker numbers are decreasing steadily, but not at an accelerated pace.
3
Transmission
Transmission 2
Most adults in the community are speakers, but children generally are not.
2
Bibliography
Bibliography of Vitality:
Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.
Bibliography of Locations:
Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.
Bibliography of Context:
Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.