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Severely Endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<1,153
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 4
Less than half of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing at an accelerated pace.
4
Domains of Use
Domain Of Use 4
Used mainly only in the home and/or with family, and may not be the primary language even in these domains for many community members.
4
Transmission
Transmission 3
Some adults in the community are speakers, but the language is not spoken by children.
3
Bibliography
Bibliography of Vitality:
A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Lower Ramu Languages of Papua New Guinea (Awar [aya], Bosmun [bqs], Kayan [kct], and Marangis [wax])
Bibliography of Locations:
Hammarström, Harald & Forkel, Robert & Haspelmath, Martin & Nordhoff, Sebastian. 2014.
Glottolog 2.3. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://glottolog.org)
Glottolog 2.3. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://glottolog.org)
Bibliography of Context:
A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Lower Ramu Languages of Papua New Guinea (Awar [aya], Bosmun [bqs], Kayan [kct], and Marangis [wax])