A woman sings in Puyuma while weeding in Beinan Cultural Park with many others.
Also Known As:
Pyuma, Pilam, Pelam, Piyuma, Panapanayan, Kadas, Tipun, Sprache von Formosa, Proto-Puyuma, 卑南語
Dialects & Varieties
- Nanwang
- Katipul (and Kasavakan)
- others
Recent Resources
Severely Endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~1000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 4
Less than half of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing at an accelerated pace.
4
Domains of Use
Domain Of Use 4
Used mainly only in the home and/or with family, and may not be the primary language even in these domains for many community members.
4
Transmission
Transmission 4
Many of the grandparent generation speak the language, but younger people generally do not.
4
Bibliography
Bibliography of Vitality:
Stacy Teng. A Reference Grammar of Puyuma, An Austronesian Language of Taiwan. PhD thesis, Australian National University, 2007.
Bibliography of Locations:
Stacy Teng. A Reference Grammar of Puyuma, An Austronesian Language of Taiwan. PhD thesis, Australian National University, 2007.
Bibliography of Context:
Stacy Teng. A Reference Grammar of Puyuma, An Austronesian Language of Taiwan. PhD thesis, Australian National University, 2007.