Stories

Recent Resources

Critically Endangered
80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
a few
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 5

A small percentage of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing very rapidly.

5
Domains of Use

Domain Of Use 5

Used only in a few very specific domains, such as in ceremonies, songs, prayer, proverbs, or certain limited domestic activities.

5
Transmission

Transmission 5

There are only a few elderly speakers.

5

Revitalization Programs

Community Members

Forums

Bibliography

Bibliography of Vitality:
Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2015. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Eighteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.
Bibliography of Locations:
2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
Bibliography of Context:
Charles M. Kieffer. 1982. "AFGHANISTAN V. Languages." In Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, Online: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afghanistan-v-languages.