Also Known As:
Rai, Thulunge Rai, Thulu Luwa, Thululoa, Thulung La, Tholong Lo, Thulung Jemu, Toaku Lwa
Dialects & Varieties
- Eastern Thulung
- Southern Thulung
- Central Thulung
- Northern Thulung
- Lannachyo
Aspects of the Grammar of Thulung Rai: An endangered Himalayan Language
Lahaussois, Aimée. 2002. Aspects of the grammar of Thulung Rai: an endangered Himalayan language. PhD Dissertation, Department of Linguistics, Univeristy of California, Berkeley.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/file/index/docid/37157/filename/Lahaus…
Severely Endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~1000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 5
A small percentage of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing very rapidly.
5
Domains of Use
Domain Of Use 4
Used mainly only in the home and/or with family, and may not be the primary language even in these domains for many community members.
4
Transmission
Transmission 3
Some adults in the community are speakers, but the language is not spoken by children.
3
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
No results found.
Year information was gathered
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Comments on speakers
All Thulung speakers are bilingual in Nepali, resulting in heavy borrowing of Nepali in Thulung.
Location and Context
Countries
Nepal
Location Description
the middle hills of eastern Nepal, on the western edge of the Kirant region
Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
positive
Other Languages Used By The Community
Nepali
Number of Other Language Speakers:
all
Domains of Other Languages:
all
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
No results found.
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
Thulung is not traditionally written down.
Recent Resources
Informative message
No results found.