Also Known As:
Henkha, Lap, Mangsdekha, Nyg Ked, Nyn Kha, Ngenkha
Dialects & Varieties
- Phobjikha
- Chutobikha
Mangde in Bhutan
Nishida, Fuminobu. 2011. Mangde in Bhutan. Annual research report on general education, Akita University (秋田大学教養基礎教育研究年報) 14. 77-87.
Threatened
40 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10,000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 2
A majority of community members speak the language. Speaker numbers are gradually decreasing.
2
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
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Second-language speakers and learners
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Semi-speakers or rememberers
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Children:
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Young adults
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Older adults
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Elders
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Ethnic or community population
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Year information was gathered
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Comments on speakers
"[A]ll of the Mangde people are bilingual or trilingual. In general, the younger generation have adopted Mangde or Dzongkha as their first language. English is also an additional resource in their verbal repertoire among younger generation in a multilingual setting. It is worth noting that 20.8% of the Mangde people speak Mangde as their third language [...] the linguistic limitations of Mangde could not account for the vast majority of switches that occurred [...] The age group clearly illustrates the distinctive language shift from Mangde to Dzongkha and English. Most of the younger generation tend to count the numbers in Dzongkha and English. Not a single song was to be sung by them." (p. 85)
Location and Context
Countries
Bhutan
Location Description
"spoken in the Mangde river basin, on the eastern slopes of the Black Mountains of west central Bhutan and also in adjacent parts of the western Black Mountains. The language is also spoken in several villages to the east of the Mangdechu between Trongsa and Zh'amgang." (p. 77)
Government Support
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Institutional Support
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Speakers' Attitude
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Other Languages Used By The Community
Dzongkha and English
Number of Other Language Speakers:
all
Domains of Other Languages:
None
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
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Writing system:
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Other writing systems used:
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Comments on writing systems:
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Recent Resources
Message informatif
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