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Language Information by Source

Source 1
Source 2
Source 3
Mbugu/Ma'a project

Scott Lewis. 2003. "Mbugu/Ma'a Project." 14. SIL International. Online: http://www.sil.org/silesr/2004/silesr2004-001.pdf.

Threatened
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
About Vitality Level
~7,000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 2

A majority of community members speak the language. Speaker numbers are gradually decreasing.

2
Domains of Use

Domain Of Use 3

Used mainly in the home and/or with family, but remains the primary language of these domains for many community members.

3
Transmission

Transmission 1

Most adults in the community, and some children, are speakers.

1
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Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
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Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
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Elders
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Ethnic or community population
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Year information was gathered
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Comments on speakers
"Most Mbugu people are able to speak Swahili with adequate structural accuracy and vocabulary to satisfy all social, work, and church requirements. ... Code switching between Swahili and the mother tongue is easy and natural. ... the Mbugu people usually have a firm grasp on [Sambaa and/or Pare]. Mbugu children learn these languages at an early age when they are playing with their neighbors."

Location and Context
Countries
Tanzania
Location Description

"The Mbugu area is located in the northeastern corner of Tanzania in the Usambara Mountain range. ... The largest concentration of Mbugu is the
Magamba/Malibwi area, the second area of concentration is the Tetei/(Bumbuli) area, and the last area is that of Fuizai. In each of these areas, small pockets of Mbugu people can be found. ... The Mbugu people are never found in an isolated situation; instead, they live in villages intermixed with the Sambaa and Pare."

Government Support
The government aggressively supports Swahili language programs nationwide.
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
No results found.
Other Languages Used By The Community
Swahili, Sambaa, Pare
Number of Other Language Speakers:
Most
Domains of Other Languages:
Government, public transportation, education, market, business, church

Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
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Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
No results found.

Community Members