Stories

Recent Resources

Threatened
80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,000,000-2,000,000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 2

A majority of community members speak the language. Speaker numbers are gradually decreasing.

2
Transmission

Transmission 2

Most adults in the community are speakers, but children generally are not.

2

Revitalization Programs

Community Members

Forums

Bibliography

Bibliography of Vitality:
Salminen, Tapani. 2007. "Europe and North Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 211-282. London & New York: Routledge.
Bibliography of Locations:
"Glottolog." Online: http://www.glottolog.org/glottolog/.
Bibliography of Context:
Salminen, Tapani. 2007. "Europe and North Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 211-282. London & New York: Routledge.