Also Known As:
Mongghul, Halchighol, Naringhol, Hu-tsu, Narin-guor, 互助土家語
Dialects & Varieties
- Halchighol
- Naringhol
- Fulan Nuraghol/Fulaan Nura/Karlong
- Datong (extinct)
- Tianzhu
Recent Resources
Message informatif
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Endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
50000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 4
Less than half of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing at an accelerated pace.
4
Domains of Use
Domain Of Use 3
Used mainly in the home and/or with family, but remains the primary language of these domains for many community members.
3
Transmission
Transmission 4
Many of the grandparent generation speak the language, but younger people generally do not.
4
Bibliography
Bibliography of Vitality:
Burgel R. M. Faehndrich. 2007. Sketch grammar of the Karlong variety of Mongghul, and dialectal survey of Mongghul. PhD dissertation, Department of Linguisitcs, University of Hawaii at Manoa.
Bibliography of Locations:
Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
Bibliography of Context:
Burgel R. M. Faehndrich. 2007. Sketch grammar of the Karlong variety of Mongghul, and dialectal survey of Mongghul. PhD dissertation, Department of Linguisitcs, University of Hawaii at Manoa.