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Language Information by Source

Source 1
Source 2
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Source 5
A sociolinguistic survey of the languages of Botswana

Sue Hasselbring. 2000. "A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Languages of Botswana." v. 1: 1-142. Basarwa Languages Project, Collaborative Basarwa Research Programme of the Univ. of Botswana & Univ. of Tromsø.

Vulnerable
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
About Vitality Level
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 1

Most members of the community or ethnic group speak the language. Speaker numbers may be decreasing, but very slowly.

1
Domains of Use

Domain Of Use 2

Used in some non-official domains along with other languages, and remains the primary language used in the home for many community members.

2
Transmission

Transmission 1

Most adults in the community, and some children, are speakers.

1
View Language Info
Explore Methodology

Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
No results found.
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
"Kalanga [Holoholo] is used as a mediium of education for the first several years of school in some parts of Zimbabwe. The Kalanga Bible Translation Project has recently completed the New Testament in Kalanga. Mukani Action Campaign is a group of Kalanga writers who are publishing and selling books in Kalanga."

"!Goro, //Gana, Kalanga [Holoholo], Kua, and Nambya being used by all ages of speakers, although none have institutional support."

Location and Context
Countries
Botswana, Zimbabwe
Location Description

Northeast, Tutume, Boteti, Botswana

Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
Used as medium of education in some Zimbabwe primary schools
Speakers' Attitude
Positive
Other Languages Used By The Community
Tswana, English, Herero, Nambya, Ndebele, Khoesan, Kuhane, Yeyi
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
Chief, kgotla, at the clinic, singing to oneself, church, prayer, children, reading/writing

Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
Yes
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
"Literacy efforts in Kalanga [Holoholo] first began in the early 1900's."

Community Members