Language ǂHua. huc_word-list_1979_01.html, entries: 1 - 8
Also Known As:
ǂHua, ǂHuan, ≠Hû, =|Hua, =|Hua-Owani, |Hua, |Hû, =|Hoan, =|Hoa, ǂHõã, ǂQhôã, ǂHua-Owani, ǂHoa, Eastern ǂHuan, ǂHũã
Dialects & Varieties
- ǂHua
- Sasi
The sociolinguistic situation of ǂHoan, a moribund 'Khoisan' language of Botswana
Linda Gerlach and Falko Berthold. 2011. "The Sociolinguistic Situation of ǂHoan, a Moribund 'Khoisan' Language of Botswana." In Afrikanistik Online, 2011: Online: http://www.afrikanistik-online.de/archiv/2011/3164.
Critically Endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<50
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 5
A small percentage of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing very rapidly.
5
Domains of Use
Domain Of Use 3
Used mainly in the home and/or with family, but remains the primary language of these domains for many community members.
3
Transmission
Transmission 5
There are only a few elderly speakers.
5
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
0
Older adults
0
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
No results found.
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
"Most of the ǂHoan consultants are trilingual, i.e. they speak Gǀui (Khoe-Kwadi) and Kgalagadi (Bantu) fluently besides ǂHoan... all of them are able to understand Tswana to some extent, but almost none of the consultants are actively able to speak it.... We often observed that people try to hide their own or their children's 'Khoisan' origin, which indicates that they consider the 'Khoisan' languages of the area (i.e. ǂHoan, Gǀui and Taa) as not prestigious.... speakers of ǂHoan generally have a very positive attitude towards their mother tongue. However, since it is not rated positively in Botswana society to speak a Khoisan language, ǂHoan speakers decide not to speak their mother tongue to the younger generations, opting instead for the language of higher prestige, Kgalagadi."
Location and Context
Countries
Botswana
Location Description
"Today ǂHoan speakers are mainly found in the Kweneng District, in particular in the area adjacent to Kang, the regional centre. The villages and settlements are located along a quite recently reconstructed and now tarred road connecting the Trans Kalahari Highway and Letlhakeng. Speakers were found in the following villages along this road: Motokwe, Khekenye, Tswaane, and Dutlwe (cf. Map 2). Three more speakers were found in the villages of Mathibatsela and Salajwe. In the latter village there are supposedly some more speakers that were absent when we visited in September 2010. Furthermore, we met some non-fluent speakers in Khudumelapye. In other villages around this area it is still known that this language existed but no more speakers can be found. We can, however, not exclude that there are some more speakers in other, even more remote areas that we were not able to visit or do not know of."
Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
Mixed/positive
Other Languages Used By The Community
Gǀui; Kgalagadi;
Number of Other Language Speakers:
All
Domains of Other Languages:
Shops, officials, doctors, church
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
No results found.
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
No results found.