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Conflict, Displacement, and the Implications for Warmaro/Ormari Language

Conflict, Displacement, and the Implications for Warmaro/Ormari Language

Endangered
40 percent certain, based on the evidence available
About Vitality Level
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 2

A majority of community members speak the language. Speaker numbers are gradually decreasing.

2
Domains of Use

Domain Of Use 3

Used mainly in the home and/or with family, but remains the primary language of these domains for many community members.

3
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Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
No results found.
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
"The Burkis/Ormars of Lahore and Jalander speak Punjabi and/or Urdu whereas those living in Peshawar (Ormar Bala, Ormar Miana and Ormar Payan) speak Pashto. Similarly, Ormari in Logar, Afghanistan, could not sustain its existence against the dominant local languages, i.e. Pashto and Persian (Baraki, 1999)... The Burki are multilingual adopting the surrounding language(s) as the second language."

Location and Context
Countries
Pakistan;
Location Description

"The Burki tribe inhabits a densely populated city in the heart of South Waziristan — Kaniguram, which is 7000 feet above the sea level (Ahmed, 2010). A small percentage of non-Burkis (mostly Mehsud) also live in the upper
part of the city (upper Kaniguram)... The town [of Kaniguram], being the only place where the Ormari/Warmaro language is spoken, has preserved it against the dominant Pashto language of the region for centuries. But the displacement following the conflict dispersed the Kaniguram’s population to the settled districts of Pakistan, such as Tank, Dera Ismail Khan, Peshawar, and Karachi (Oborne, 2014), where Pashto or Urdu serves as the dominant language in use."

Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
No results found.
Other Languages Used By The Community
Pashto, Farsi, Punjabi, Urdu
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
None

Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
No results found.
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
No results found.

Community Members