Also Known As:
Bayaka, Bayaga, Bibaya, "Babinga"
Dialects & Varieties
Baka
Pascale Paulin. 2009. "Baka." Sorosoro. Online: http://www.sorosoro.org/en/baka.
Vulnerable
60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
30,000-50,000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Transmission
Transmission 1
Most adults in the community, and some children, are speakers.
1
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
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Second-language speakers and learners
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Semi-speakers or rememberers
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Children:
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Young adults
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Older adults
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Elders
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Ethnic or community population
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Year information was gathered
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Comments on speakers
"The Baka population is one of the only hunter-gatherer populations whose language is not a Bantu language. We suppose that all these populations, at one point or the other, adopted the language of a close, current or ancient neighbor. Thus the Baka language is a sister to Ngbaka Ma’bo... There are several varieties of Baka, despite a fair level of mutual understanding between the different speakers. Each of these varieties is strongly affected by languages of the neighboring populations (for instance, Fang, in Gabon)... The deforestation, the exploitation of subsurface resources... forces a part of the population to migrate towards the urban centers where they find themselves left behind, mistreated, underpaid, and overall, disparaged. They face discrimination on a daily basis...The Baka are viewed at the very bottom of the social ladder. Adding to which, in some countries, they fall under policies of forced sedentism."
Location and Context
Countries
Congo, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Location Description
"Tropical rainforest of the Congo basin in the Central African Republic border area, southeastern Cameroon, northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, north Congo, northeastern Gabon."
Government Support
None
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
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Other Languages Used By The Community
None
Number of Other Language Speakers:
Most
Domains of Other Languages:
None
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
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Writing system:
None
Other writing systems used:
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Comments on writing systems:
"The Baka language is neither formally recognized nor broadcast through the media. A few education programs, however, usually upon the initiative of religious communities, advocate for bilingual education (learning how to read in mother tongue, for instance). These methods include ORA in Cameroon, and Rapidolangue (Raponda Walker foundation) in Gabon. A radio project geared towards the forest populations is being put together in Congo but doesn’t directly involve the Baka at this point, even though they are hunter-gatherer communities."
Recent Resources
Pascale, jeune doctorante en erthno-linguistique, part en forêt plusieurs semaines, dans le campemen
video 1mn 50s