Also Known As:
Dulong, Taron, T'rung, Kiu, Qui, Kiutze, Qiuzi, Kiupa, Kiao, Rawang, Trung, Metu, Melam, Tamalu, Tukiumu, Tulung, Qiu, Nung, Nu-tzŭ, 獨龍語
Dialects & Varieties
- Dulong River
- Nu River
Language attitudes of the T'rung
Perlin, Ross. 2009. Language attitudes of the T'rung. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 32.1:91-113. http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/files/perlin/03-Perlin-Dulong-Attitud…
Vulnerable
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~7000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 0
Almost all members of the community or ethnic group speak the language, and the number of speakers is stable or increasing.
0
Domains of Use
Domain Of Use 1
Used in most domains except for official ones such as government, mass media, education etc.
1
Transmission
Transmission -1
All members of the community, including children, speak the language.
-1
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
7,426 (as of 2000 census)
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
"Broadly speaking, the T’rung see their language as closely bound up with their ethnic identity, but they are grappling with a growing awareness of how severely limited its use is beyond their own villages. The region’s recent development and increasing communication with the wider world have opened up differing viewpoints in the community, especially on the basis of age and gender. Current patterns suggest that language shift will take place if outsiders continue entering and altering the community at the current rate, and that even entirely T’rung villages are starting to use a language variety under heavier and heavier Chinese and Lisu influence." (p. 92)
Location and Context
Countries
China
Location Description
Gongshan Nu and Dulong Autonomous County of Yunnan Province
Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
positive
Other Languages Used By The Community
Lisu; (Southwestern) Mandarin
Number of Other Language Speakers:
all
Domains of Other Languages:
official domains or inter-group communication
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
roman scripts
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
"working to adapt Robert Morse’s Rawang Romanization system (Morse 1963) for T’rung, continuing an effort begun in the mid-1980’s (see Yue and Long 1986). So far no standard has been accepted and put into use among scholars or in the community." (p.94)
Recent Resources
Informative message
No results found.