Also Known As:
Amono
Dialects & Varieties
- Galaba
- Kaga
- Bubanda
- Bili
- Mpaka
The phonology of Mono
Olson, Kenneth S. 2005. "The Phonology of Mono." 310. SIL International.
Vulnerable
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
62102
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 0
Almost all members of the community or ethnic group speak the language, and the number of speakers is stable or increasing.
0
Domains of Use
Domain Of Use 1
Used in most domains except for official ones such as government, mass media, education etc.
1
Transmission
Transmission -1
All members of the community, including children, speak the language.
-1
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
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Semi-speakers or rememberers
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Children:
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Young adults
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Older adults
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Elders
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Ethnic or community population
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Year information was gathered
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Comments on speakers
"In the Bili region, it is not uncommon for a Mono speaker to be multilingual, to different degrees, in several other languages. These languages include Lingala, French, other Banda languages in the region (Gobu, Togbo, and Langbasi), Ngbaka-Minagende, Ngbandi, and Sango. Lingala... is understood by many people [and] speaking the language is considered prestigious. It is used in contact situations with Bantu-speaking groups such as the Ngombe to the south, in governmental situations, and in primary school... French is spoken by some Mono people... but it is certainly less than the percentage proficient in Lingala."
Location and Context
Countries
Democratic Republic of Congo
Location Description
"Mono is spoken in five distinct regions of northwestern DRC. The Mono people identify these five regions as each having a distinct dialect: Bili, Bubanda, Mpaka, Galaba, and Kaga. The first two regions are in the Bosobolo Zone, whereas the last three are in the Libenge zone."
Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
Positive
Other Languages Used By The Community
Lingala, French, Gobu, Togbo, Ngbaka-Minagende, Ngbandi, Sango
Number of Other Language Speakers:
Many
Domains of Other Languages:
School (Lingala), government (Lingala), contact with non-Mono people
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
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Writing system:
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Other writing systems used:
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Comments on writing systems:
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Recent Resources
Informative message
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