Stories

Recent Resources

Vulnerable
80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,500,000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 1

Most members of the community or ethnic group speak the language. Speaker numbers may be decreasing, but very slowly.

1
Transmission

Transmission -1

All members of the community, including children, speak the language.

-1

Revitalization Programs

Community Members

Forums

Bibliography

Bibliography of Vitality:
Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 20th Edition (2017)
Bibliography of Locations:
Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.), 2013. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.
Bibliography of Context:
Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 20th Edition (2017)