Also Known As:
Ndau, Ndaoe, Umalasa
Dialects & Varieties
Sourcebook on Tomini-Tolitoi Languages: General Information and Word Lists
Nikolaus P. Himmelmann. 2001. "Sourcebook On Tomini-Tolitoi Languages: General Information and Word Lists." 511: Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
Threatened
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3200
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 2
A majority of community members speak the language. Speaker numbers are gradually decreasing.
2
Domains of Use
Domain Of Use 2
Used in some non-official domains along with other languages, and remains the primary language used in the home for many community members.
2
Transmission
Transmission 1
Most adults in the community, and some children, are speakers.
1
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
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Semi-speakers or rememberers
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Children:
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Young adults
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Older adults
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Elders
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Ethnic or community population
No results found.
Year information was gathered
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Comments on speakers
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Location and Context
Countries
Indonesia
Location Description
The language is spoken in a number of very small and isolated villages in Donggala, on the Island of Sulawesi. From Sibayu to the south to Bou in the north.
Government Support
No government support.
Institutional Support
No institutional support
Speakers' Attitude
Generally negative.
Other Languages Used By The Community
Indonesian, Kaili
Number of Other Language Speakers:
Most of the younger community speaks Indonesian, the national language. Many also speak Kaila, a regional lingua franca.
Domains of Other Languages:
None
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
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Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
No results found.
Recent Resources
Mensagem informativa
No results found.