Also Known As:
Dhīmāl
Dialects & Varieties
- Western Dhimal
- Eastern Dhimal
Grammar of Dhimal
King, John T. 2008. Grammar of Dhimal. PhD dissertation. Leiden University.
Endangered
40 percent certain, based on the evidence available
Approximately 20,000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 4
Less than half of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing at an accelerated pace.
4
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
No results found.
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
"In 1993 the Dhimal People’s Development Centre in Damak, Jhāpā was formed to champion the socio-economic betterment ofDhimals. In 2001, a parcel of government land near the town of Maṅlabāri was awarded to this organisation to build a centre. This organisation, which lays claim to represent the concerns of Dhimals as an ethnolinguistic group within the Nepali state, has made efforts to promote Dhimal culture and language." (p. 16-7)
Location and Context
Countries
Nepal
Location Description
the lowland districts of Jhāpā and Moraṅ in southeastern Nepal
Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
No results found.
Other Languages Used By The Community
Nepali
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
None
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
Devanāgarī script
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
"[W]orks have been appearing in the Dhimal language. The Dhimal Literature Service Publishing, based in Ḍuhubī, Sunsarī district, has published several short stories dealing with the socio-economic problems facing Dhimal society and also works of poetry using the Devanāgarī script. Still, not all of these publications have been whole-heartedly accepted by the Dhimal community due to the authors’ often heavy-handed use of Sanskrit-based loanwords, which even an uneducated native Nepali speaker would have difficulty understanding..... In 2000, a group of Dhimals were in the process of compiling a Dhimal-Nepali-English dictionary encompassing both the eastern and western dialect. While a standardised orthography has yet to be decided upon, many writers adhere to certain conventions regarding phonological distinctions not made by Devanāgarī..... New songs in the Dhimal language are also being written, albeit in an Indian or Nepali style. The old dances, which most people do not know, are also being revived and performed on special occasions." (p. 17)
Recent Resources
This paper describes the Indian variety of Dhimal.