Stories

Recent Resources

Endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~5,500
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 3

Only about half of community members speak the language. Speaker numbers are decreasing steadily, but not at an accelerated pace.

3
Domains of Use

Domain Of Use 4

Used mainly only in the home and/or with family, and may not be the primary language even in these domains for many community members.

4
Transmission

Transmission 3

Some adults in the community are speakers, but the language is not spoken by children.

3

Revitalization Programs

Community Members

Forums

Bibliography

Bibliography of Vitality:
Salminen, Tapani. 2007. "Europe and North Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 211-282. London & New York: Routledge.
Bibliography of Locations:
2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
Bibliography of Context:
Salminen, Tapani. 2007. "Europe and North Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 211-282. London & New York: Routledge.