Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Pazeh, Pazih, Kulun, Sprache von Formosa, Kulon, Kulon-Pazih, Pazzehe, Pazehe, 巴宰語, Kaxabu, Kahabu, 噶哈巫語, Kulon-Pazeh
CLASSIFICATION		Austronesian, Northwest Formosan
ORTHOGRAPHY		latin scripts
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		uun
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Pazeh Kaxabu
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		Note that, although some consider Pazeh and Kaxabu being dialects of the same language, many speakers of Kaxabu see themselves as a distinct group. Most sources cited here are associated with the Pazeh group.

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Information from: “Kaxabu a punu bauba 噶哈巫語復振” . Tatauan Kaxabu a ahan 噶哈巫語全球資訊網 (n.d.)

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
12
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
8000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Note that this entry is associated with the Kaxabu variety.

DATE OF INFO: 2013

DOMAINS OF USE
SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: Due to heavy Sinicization, less than 30% of the Kaxabu know they themselves are plain aboriginals. The Kaxabu living in Shoucheng 守城 tribe have a revitalization project.
Scripts (Writing system): latin scripts

PLACES: Taiwan

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Nantou County, specifically 蜈蚣 Wugung, 大湳 Danan, 守城 Shoucheng, 牛尾 Niouwei and 牛眠 Nioumien tribes in Puli.

1
Native speakers worldwide

1
Native speakers worldwide

Dormant
0
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: Taiwan

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: The language was historically spoken in the western plains. In modern times however, the last remaining native speakers lived in the Puli township area, Nantou county.

Awakening
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"Pazeh is one of Taiwan’s 10 Pingpu Aborigine groups, also known as lowland Aborigines. They say their language, culture and ethnic identity are disappearing because they are excluded from the benefits of official government recognition enjoyed by the nation’s 14 Aboriginal peoples."

MORE ON VITALITY

"Pan Ying-chieh said the Pazeh family clans in Puli have organized an association to promote their culture and to resuscitate the language, with seminars and classes being held at the local Ailan Presbyterian Church on weekends and during holidays."

3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger		UNESCO Publishing		Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		1
	2001	Pazih Dictionary		Academia Sinica		Taipei		Li, Paul and Tsuchida, Shigeru	Paul Li and Shigeru Tsuchida. 2001. "Pazih Dictionary." Academia Sinica.	WALS		0									Dormant ()					Taiwan	The language was historically spoken in the western plains. In modern times however, the last remaining native speakers lived in the Puli township area, Nantou county.	23.9666667, 120.9666667
	n.d.	Kaxabu a punu bauba 噶哈巫語復振	in Chinese				http://kaxabu.weebly.com/221342170424043354862448925391.html	Tatauan Kaxabu a ahan 噶哈巫語全球資訊網	Tatauan Kaxabu a ahan 噶哈巫語全球資訊網. n.d. Kaxabu a punu bauba 噶哈巫語復振. http://kaxabu.weebly.com/221342170424043354862448925391.html (Retrieved Feb/24/2016).		8000	12	2013	10-99	Note that this entry is associated with the Kaxabu variety.	3	all	Mandarin Chinese; Taiwanese Southern Min	Due to heavy Sinicization, less than 30% of the Kaxabu know they themselves are plain aboriginals. The Kaxabu living in Shoucheng 守城 tribe have a revitalization project.	all	Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15		15	15	Taiwan	Nantou County, specifically 蜈蚣 Wugung, 大湳 Danan, 守城 Shoucheng, 牛尾 Niouwei and 牛眠 Nioumien tribes in Puli.
	2014	Pazeh writers get awards for preserving language			Taipei Times	Taipei City	http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/06/15/2003592824	Meng-ching, Hua and Jason Pan						Awakening	"Pazeh is one of Taiwan’s 10 Pingpu Aborigine groups, also known as lowland Aborigines. They say their language, culture and ethnic identity are disappearing because they are excluded from the benefits of official government recognition enjoyed by the nation’s 14 Aboriginal peoples."						Awakening ()		"Pan Ying-chieh said the Pazeh family clans in Puli have organized an association to promote their culture and to resuscitate the language, with seminars and classes being held at the local Ailan Presbyterian Church on weekends and during holidays."
		World Oral Literature Project					http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			1

Pazeh-Kaxabu

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12

1

1

Dormant

0

Awakening

Discussion

Pazeh-Kaxabu

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12

1

1

Dormant

0

Awakening

Discussion

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