Endangered Languages Project

CLASSIFICATION		Siouan
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		mhq
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		Edwin Benson, the last fluent speaker of Mandan, passed away on Dec. 9th, 2016.

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Information from: “Edwin Benson, last-known fluent speaker of Mandan, passes away at 85” . Joe Skurzewski (2016) KFYR-TV

Dormant
0
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Edwin Benson (born 1931), the last attested fluent speaker, passed away on Dec. 9, 2016.

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data for the number of native speakers comes from M. Krauss (1992). The ethnic population in the USA is 130 (2000 census).
10 (Golla 2007) (2016).

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: USA, North Dakota

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: North Dakota, Fort Berthold Reservation.

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: USA, North Dakota

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6
Native speakers worldwide

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: USA, North Dakota

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<10
Native speakers worldwide

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

There are fewer than 10 first-language speakers of Mandan, all elderly, and no fluent second-language speakers.

PLACES: USA, North Dakota

PLACES: USA, North Dakota

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
By 2009, Edwin Benson (born 1931) was the only known fluent speaker of Mandan.

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

One remaining fluent speaker, Edwin Benson.

PLACES: USA, North Dakota

			2010	"Mandan Language: Documentation, Description and Training (mhq)" NSF DEL Abstract							http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0966403&WT.z_pims_id=12816	Spotted Bear, Alyce	Spotted Bear, Alyce. 2010. ""Mandan Language: Documentation, Description and Training (mhq)" NSF DEL Abstract." Online: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0966403&WT.z_pims_id=12816.		1	1-9			Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				USA, North Dakota
0199255911			2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.												46.5,-102.5
		16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	6	1-9	Data for the number of native speakers comes from M. Krauss (1992). The ethnic population in the USA is 130 (2000 census). 10 (Golla 2007) (2016).	English	Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				USA, North Dakota	North Dakota, Fort Berthold Reservation.
			2015	Mandan language				Wikipedia website			http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandan_language		Wikipedia: Mandan language (accessed 1-14-2015). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandan_language		1	1-9	By 2009, Edwin Benson (born 1931) was the only known fluent speaker of Mandan.		Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	One remaining fluent speaker, Edwin Benson.	15	USA, North Dakota
	December		2016	Edwin Benson, last-known fluent speaker of Mandan, passes away at 85					KFYR-TV		http://www.kfyrtv.com/content/news/Edwin-Benson-last-known-fluent-speaker-of-Mandan-passes-away-at-85-405723515.html	Joe Skurzewski			0		Edwin Benson (born 1931), the last attested fluent speaker, passed away on Dec. 9, 2016.		Dormant ()
		3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub	10	10-99			Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				USA, North Dakota		47.5165,-102.2461
			2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher		Routledge	London		Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.		<10	1-9			Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	There are fewer than 10 first-language speakers of Mandan, all elderly, and no fluent second-language speakers.	15	USA, North Dakota
		2nd edition	2010	Endangered Languages of the United States	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing	108-130	Christopher Moseley		UNESCO	Paris		Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell	Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.										USA, North Dakota		47.5165,-102.2461
				World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.		6	1-9			Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Mandan

Language metadata

Language information by source

Dormant

0

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1

Discussion

Mandan

Language metadata

Language information by source

Dormant

0

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1

Discussion

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