Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Yaki, Cahita, Yaqui-Mayo, Kahita, Yoeme
CLASSIFICATION		Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Cahitan
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		yaq
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Yaqui Mayo Cahita
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		Yaqui [yaq], Mayo [mfy], and Cahita are often distinguished though generally they are considered mutually intelligible and not separate languages. Ethnologue distinguishes Yaqui [yaq] and Mayo [mfy] as separate languages, but does not mention Cahita.

Compare Sources (11)

Information from: “La interfaz gramática-discurso en las construcciones de movimiento en yaqui” (197-220) . Belloro, Valeria A. and Lilián Guerrero (2012)

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
21,000
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
es hablado en el sur del estado de Sonora (noroeste de México) por alrededor de 15,000 personas, y en el sur de Arizona (Estados Unidos) por cerca de 6,000 hablantes.

[It is spoken in the south of the state of Sonora (northwest Mexico) by around 15,000, and in souther Arizona (US) by about 6000 speakers.]

TRANSMISSION

Vulnerable

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

TRANSMISSION

PLACES: Mexico; USA;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Sonora, Arizona

Severely endangered

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6,200?
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
70-80 in southern Arizona

TRANSMISSION

PLACES: Mexico; USA;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Southern Arizona, also Sonora State, Mexico

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
16,406
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: Mexico; USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Sonora, Arizona

PLACES: Mexico; USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Sonora, Arizona

PLACES: USA; Mexico

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Arizona, Pascua Yaqui Tribe, 7474 S. Camino De Oeste, Tucson, AZ 85757

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: See: http://tiny.cc/rnuwiw for the tribe's contact information.

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
12,230
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Mexico: 11,800 (2000 INALI).
US: 430 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 8000 (Golla 2007).

DATE OF INFO: 2000 (Mexico), 2010 (US)

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Mexico: all ages.
US: Mostly adults.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Spanish
English

PLACES: Mexico, USA

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Mexico: state of Sonora.
US: Arizona: Phoenix and Tucson areas.

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
12,230
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"11,800 in Mexico (2000 INALI)."

DATE OF INFO: 2000

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"All ages."

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

English [eng]

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

"Also use English [eng]."

Scripts (Writing system)

Latin

PLACES: Mexico

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Sonora

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
12,316
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: Mexico; USA

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press			New York					2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.															27.5,-110.25
			Pascua Yaqui Tribe											http://www.pascuayaqui-nsn.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=7														See: http://tiny.cc/rnuwiw for the tribe's contact information.	USA; Mexico	Arizona, Pascua Yaqui Tribe, 7474 S. Camino De Oeste, Tucson, AZ 85757
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International			Dallas, Texas			http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		12,230	2000 (Mexico), 2010 (US)	10000-99999	Mexico: 11,800 (2000 INALI). US: 430 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 8000 (Golla 2007).	Spanish, English		Threatened (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11	Mexico: all ages. US: Mostly adults.	12	Mexico: state of Sonora. US: Arizona: Phoenix and Tucson areas.	Mexico, USA
		2012	LL-MAP (Language and Location: A Map Accessibility Project)									Institute for Language Information and Technology	Eastern Michigan University	http://llmap.org	Anthony Aristar and Helen Aristar-Dry and Yichun Xie	Anthony Aristar, Helen Aristar-Dry and Yichun Xie. 2012. "LL-MAP (Language and Location: A Map Accessibility Project)." Online: http://llmap.org.													Mexico; USA	Sonora, Arizona	27.868742,-110.279364
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing			Paris			http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub	12,316		10000-99999				Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Mexico; USA		32.1158,-111.0638
		2009	"Hiaki Grammar: Documentation, Analysis and Teaching" NSF DEL Abstract											http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0843898&WT.z_pims_id=12816	Harley, Heidi	Harley, Heidi 2009. "Hiaki Grammar: Documentation, Analysis and Teaching" NSF DEL Abstract.		6,200?			70-80 in southern Arizona			Severely Endangered (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14				Mexico; USA;	Southern Arizona, also Sonora State, Mexico
		2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher		Routledge			London				Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.								Vulnerable (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11				Mexico; USA;	Sonora, Arizona
	2nd edition	2010	Endangered Languages of the United States	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing	108-130	Christopher Moseley		UNESCO			Paris				Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell	Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.													Mexico; USA	Sonora, Arizona	32.1158,-111.0638
			World Oral Literature Project											http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.		16,406		10000-99999				Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
	18th	2015	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 18th Edition			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig		SIL International			Dallas, Texas			http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2015. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Eighteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		12,230	2000	10000-99999	"11,800 in Mexico (2000 INALI)."	English [eng]	"Also use English [eng]."	Vulnerable (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	"All ages."			Mexico	Sonora
		2012	La interfaz gramática-discurso en las construcciones de movimiento en yaqui		197-220				Lingüística	27				http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?pid=S2079-312X2012000200009&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt	Belloro, Valeria A. and Lilián Guerrero	Belloro, Valeria A. and Lilián Guerrero. 2012. La interfaz gramática-discurso en las construcciones de movimiento en yaqui. Lingüística 27: 197-220.		21,000		10000-99999	es hablado en el sur del estado de Sonora (noroeste de México) por alrededor de 15,000 personas, y en el sur de Arizona (Estados Unidos) por cerca de 6,000 hablantes. [It is spoken in the south of the state of Sonora (northwest Mexico) by around 15,000, and in souther Arizona (US) by about 6000 speakers.]			Vulnerable (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11

Yaqui

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

21,000

Vulnerable

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Severely endangered

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,200?

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

16,406

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,230

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,230

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,316

Discussion

Yaqui

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

21,000

Vulnerable

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Severely endangered

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,200?

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

16,406

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,230

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,230

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,316

Discussion

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Sources of information

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