Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Yucpa-Yaprería, Japrería, Macoíta, Yuco, Yucpa, Yuko, Yupa
CLASSIFICATION		Cariban
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		yup
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Coyaima Río Casacará (Iroka) Río Maracas Yukpa sur (Caño Padilla-La Laguna). At least 5 extant dialects including 2 in Venezuela. The Río Cascará and Río Maracas dialects are probably largest and may be separate languages. Venezuela dialects seem more similar to Río Maracas. (Ethnologue 2016.)
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Information from: “Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking” (167-234) . Crevels, Mily (2012) , Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona · Mouton de Gruyter

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<11,173
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
11,173
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
3,651 speakers (and ethnic population) in Colombia (2001); fewer than the 7,522 of its total ethnic population speak it in Venezuela.

DATE OF INFO: 2001 for both Colombia and Venezuela

PLACES: Colombia, Venezuela

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6020
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
In Colombia: 3000, ethnic population 3530.
In Venezuela: 3020, ethnic population 10,000.

DATE OF INFO: 2009 (Colombia), 2007 (Venezuela)

SPEAKER ATTITUDE: Positive in Venezuela.
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: Colombia, Venezuela

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS

In Colombia: Cesar department: Augustín Codazzi municipalit7; municipalities north and south, Colombia-Venezuela border in Serranía de Perijá mountain range. Río Casacará dialect in Agustín Codassi municipality along Casacará River and Caño Iroka. Yukpa sur dialect, Becerril municipality.

In Venezuela: Zulia state: Cesar region, north Sierra de Perijá, on the Colombia border, between Palmar River north and Tucuco River south.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
>4,000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
> 4,000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Most adults are still monolingual, but the younger generation is becoming more and more bilingual in Spanish

PLACES: Venezuela

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Zulia State, Cesar region, northern part of the Sierra de Perija, on the border with Colombia, approximately between the rivers Palmar in the north and Tucuco in the south

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3,000
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
7,630
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
3,530
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
1,500 in Colombia (2000 Moreno). Ethnic population 3,530 (Arango and Sánchez 1998).

DATE OF INFO: 2000

PLACES: Venezuela; Colombia;

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3,000
Native speakers worldwide

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.													10.1666666667,-72.75
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	3,530	7,630	2000	1000-9999	1,500 in Colombia (2000 Moreno). Ethnic population 3,530 (Arango and Sánchez 1998).			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		Venezuela; Colombia;
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International	Dallas, Texas	http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.			6020	2009 (Colombia), 2007 (Venezuela)	1000-9999	In Colombia: 3000, ethnic population 3530. In Venezuela: 3020, ethnic population 10,000.	Spanish	Positive in Venezuela.	Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	In Colombia: Cesar department: Augustín Codazzi municipalit7; municipalities north and south, Colombia-Venezuela border in Serranía de Perijá mountain range. Río Casacará dialect in Agustín Codassi municipality along Casacará River and Caño Iroka. Yukpa sur dialect, Becerril municipality. In Venezuela: Zulia state: Cesar region, north Sierra de Perijá, on the Colombia border, between Palmar River north and Tucuco River south.	Colombia, Venezuela
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		3,000		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				9.7956,-72.9382
		2007	South America	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	103-196	C. Moseley		London & New York: Routledge			Mily Crevels	Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	> 4,000	>4,000		1000-9999	Most adults are still monolingual, but the younger generation is becoming more and more bilingual in Spanish			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		Venezuela	Zulia State, Cesar region, northern part of the Sierra de Perija, on the border with Colombia, approximately between the rivers Palmar in the north and Tucuco in the south
			World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			3,000		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona		Mouton de Gruyter	Berlin		Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		11,173	<11,173	2001 for both Colombia and Venezuela	10000-99999	3,651 speakers (and ethnic population) in Colombia (2001); fewer than the 7,522 of its total ethnic population speak it in Venezuela.			Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		Colombia, Venezuela

Yukpa

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<11,173

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6020

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

>4,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

7,630

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,000

Discussion

Yukpa

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<11,173

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6020

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

>4,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

7,630

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,000

Discussion

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