Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Taroko, Sediq, Saediq, Seedik, Sejiq, Sedeq, Seedek, Seedeq, Shedekka, Sedek, Sediakk, Sedik, Sazek, Bu-Hwan, Che-Hwan, Daiya-Ataiyal, Hogo, Iboho, Paran, Taruku, Toroko, Truku, Toda, Taroko, 賽德克語, 太魯閣語, 都達方言, Tgdaya
CLASSIFICATION		Austronesian, Atayalic
ORTHOGRAPHY		Roman scripts
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		trv
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Truku Toda Tgdaya
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (2)

Information from: “From diagnosis to remedial plan: A psycholinguistic assessment of language shift, L1 proficiency, and language planning in Truku Seediq” . Tang, Apay Ai-yu (湯愛玉） (2011)

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
Unknown
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
24,000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"[T]he current indigenous younger generations [below 40] are not able to speak their own imperiled tongues, nor are elderly speakers transmitting their languages to the next generations." (p.11) [Ethnic population number from CIP, 2011.]

DATE OF INFO: 2011

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"Truku is restricted to the family domain or among seniors who are still competent in Truku use. However, the subjects below age 25 do not speak Truku in any domain; they report zero Truku dominance in their daily life." (p.155)

SPEAKER ATTITUDE

"Adults are different from children in that the Truku language is a significant part of their identity that cannot be easily forsaken. In contrast, younger generations are prone to be integrated into Mandarin environments because their motivation to learn or maintain Truku is comparatively low." (p.162)

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

yes

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

[The] indigenous language education (one hour weekly) has been in force in elementary schools since 2001 in Taiwan

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Mandarin

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Mandarin is used in all sorts of domains, including school, church, and home, and is perceived as socioeconomically advantageous.

Scripts (Writing system)

Roman scripts

More on Orthography

Community-based language planning has been ongoing in order to promote the language use.

PLACES: Taiwan

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "Seediq dialects are spoken in the area north of Wushe village and in the valleys to the east and northeast of the village, as well as throughout the Central Mountain Range, as far as Truku Gorge and the Pacific coast" (p.1)

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Spoken in Nantou and Hualien in Taiwan. This research was conducted in Qowgan, one of the eight Truku villages in Hualien county, eastern Taiwan.

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~20,000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
25,000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
While most sources list the ethnic population, there is relatively little information on native speakers.

DOMAINS OF USE

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

The current generation usually cannot speak Seediq (younger than 20). Chinese (Mandarin) has been the language of school education and mass media for nearly 50 years.

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

Not one of the 10 officially recognized aboriginal languages in Taiwan

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

The entire community can generally speak Mandarin. The elderly population can also speak Japanese

PLACES: Taiwan

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: 20,000 community members in Hualian prefecture and about 5,000 community members in Nantou prefecture.

Seediq

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Unknown

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~20,000

Discussion

		December			2011	From diagnosis to remedial plan: A psycholinguistic assessment of language shift, L1 proficiency, and language planning in Truku Seediq													University of Hawaii at Manoa	http://www.ling.hawaii.edu/graduate/Dissertations/ApayTangFinal.pdf	Tang, Apay Ai-yu (湯愛玉）	Tang, Apay Ai-yu. 2011. From diagnosis to remedial plan: A psycholinguistic assessment of language shift, L1 proficiency, and language planning in Truku Seediq. PhD dissertation. University of Hawaii at Manoa. http://www.ling.hawaii.edu/graduate/Dissertations/ApayTangFinal.pdf			24,000			Unknown	2011		"[T]he current indigenous younger generations [below 40] are not able to speak their own imperiled tongues, nor are elderly speakers transmitting their languages to the next generations." (p.11) [Ethnic population number from CIP, 2011.]				almost all	Mandarin		yes	"Adults are different from children in that the Truku language is a significant part of their identity that cannot be easily forsaken. In contrast, younger generations are prone to be integrated into Mandarin environments because their motivation to learn or maintain Truku is comparatively low." (p.162)	Mandarin is used in all sorts of domains, including school, church, and home, and is perceived as socioeconomically advantageous.	[The] indigenous language education (one hour weekly) has been in force in elementary schools since 2001 in Taiwan	all	Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14		"Truku is restricted to the family domain or among seniors who are still competent in Truku use. However, the subjects below age 25 do not speak Truku in any domain; they report zero Truku dominance in their daily life." (p.155)	14	15		Spoken in Nantou and Hualien in Taiwan. This research was conducted in Qowgan, one of the eight Truku villages in Hualien county, eastern Taiwan.	Taiwan	"Seediq dialects are spoken in the area north of Wushe village and in the valleys to the east and northeast of the village, as well as throughout the Central Mountain Range, as far as Truku Gorge and the Pacific coast" (p.1)	24.081, 121.611
	Routledge Language Family Series				2005	Seediq	The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar	291-325		Alexander Adelaar and Nikolaus Himmelmann		London & New York: Routledge									Naomi Tsukida	Tsukida, Naomi. 2005. "Seediq." In The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar, edited by Alexander Adelaar and Nikolaus Himmelmann. 291-325. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD		25,000			~20,000		10000-99999	While most sources list the ethnic population, there is relatively little information on native speakers.					The entire community can generally speak Mandarin. The elderly population can also speak Japanese		Not one of the 10 officially recognized aboriginal languages in Taiwan				The entire community	Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13		The current generation usually cannot speak Seediq (younger than 20). Chinese (Mandarin) has been the language of school education and mass media for nearly 50 years.	14				Taiwan	20,000 community members in Hualian prefecture and about 5,000 community members in Nantou prefecture.	23.77, 121.35; 23.84, 120.99

Seediq

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Unknown

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~20,000

Discussion

Suggest information or improvement

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Sources of information

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