Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Lalung, Dowyan
CLASSIFICATION		Sino-Tibetan, Brahmaputran
ORTHOGRAPHY		no
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		lax
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Evidences of sound changes in Tiwa: A synchronic account” (42-59) . Nath, Arup Kumar (2013) , Mishra, Awadesh K. and Wallang, Melissa G. and Devi, Ch. Sarajubala · Lakshi

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
27072
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 2001 census

MORE ON VITALITY

"Quite a few groups of Tiwas in the plains have adopted Assamese as their first language." (p. 42)

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Assamese

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

"Tiwa speakers are also bilinguals with excellent competence in the Assamese language." (p. 42)

Scripts (Writing system)

PLACES: India

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: the district of Morigaon and in some parts of Nagaon, Karbi Anglong and Kamrup districts of Assam; also some in Khasi hills of Meghalaya

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
23,000
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: India

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
23,000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
170,622

DATE OF INFO: 1997

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: India

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Assam, Nagaon, Karbi Anglong, Kamrup, Sibsagar, Lakhimpur districts; Meghalaya, Khasi Hills District

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
23,000
Native speakers worldwide

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~35,000
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: India

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "Tripura state, Kamrup and Marigaon districts and in the Karbi Anglong hills."

MORE ON VITALITY

"Language is locally endangered or threatened."

Endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
31,421 (Assam Census 2011)
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
371,000

DATE OF INFO: 2011

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

MORE ON VITALITY

Hajowali Tiwa has greater transmission, Datiwali Tiwa has declining transmission, Tholuwali Tiwa is rapidly declining transmission

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Assamese
English

			2012	Personal Communication				Personal Communication						Gregory Anderson	Gregory Anderson. 2012. "Personal Communication."											"Language is locally endangered or threatened."
	16		2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International		Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	170,622	23,000	1997	10000-99999		English, Assamese			Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				India	Assam, Nagaon, Karbi Anglong, Kamrup, Sibsagar, Lakhimpur districts; Meghalaya, Khasi Hills District
July-Sept		8(3)	2021	LANGUAGE ENDANGERMENT: A CASE STUDY OF TIWA, AN ENDANGERED LANGUAGE OF NORTH EAST INDIA		13				Journal of English Language and Literature			chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://joell.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/81-93-LANGUAGE-ENDANGERMENT.pdf	Dewri, Pranjit & Haokip, Mary Kim			371,000	31,421 (Assam Census 2011)	2011	10000-99999	Government, Education, Media	Assamese, English			Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	Hajowali Tiwa has greater transmission, Datiwali Tiwa has declining transmission, Tholuwali Tiwa is rapidly declining transmission	14	14
			2007	South Asia and the Middle East	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	289-348	Christopher Mosely		London and NewYork: Routledge			4		George Van Driem	Driem, George Van. 2007. "South Asia and the Middle East." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by Christopher Mosely. 289-348. London and NewYork: Routledge.			~35,000		10000-99999					Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				India	"Tripura state, Kamrup and Marigaon districts and in the Karbi Anglong hills."
	3rd		2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing		Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		23,000		10000-99999					Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				India		25.7801,92.5927
				World Oral Literature Project									http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			23,000		10000-99999					Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
			2013	Evidences of sound changes in Tiwa: A synchronic account	Studies in linguistics of the North-Eastern languages	42-59	Mishra, Awadesh K. and Wallang, Melissa G. and Devi, Ch. Sarajubala		Lakshi					Nath, Arup Kumar	Nath, Arup Kumar. 2013. Evidences of sound changes in Tiwa: A synchronic account. In Mishra, Awadesh K. and Wallang, Melissa G. and Devi, Ch. Sarajubala (eds.), Studies in linguistics of the North-Eastern languages, 42-59. Lakshi.			27072	2001 census	10000-99999		Assamese	"Tiwa speakers are also bilinguals with excellent competence in the Assamese language." (p. 42)	all	Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	"Quite a few groups of Tiwas in the plains have adopted Assamese as their first language." (p. 42)			India	the district of Morigaon and in some parts of Nagaon, Karbi Anglong and Kamrup districts of Assam; also some in Khasi hills of Meghalaya

Tiwa

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

27072

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

23,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

23,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

23,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~35,000

Endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

31,421 (Assam Census 2011)

Discussion

Tiwa

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

27072

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

23,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

23,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

23,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~35,000

Endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

31,421 (Assam Census 2011)

Discussion

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