Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Rai, Kaling, Khalinge Rai, Khael Bra, Khael Baat
CLASSIFICATION		Sino-Tibetan, Kiranti
ORTHOGRAPHY		Devanagari script
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		klr
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (5)

Information from: “An overview of Khaling verbal morphology” (1095-1170) . Guillaume Jacques, Aimée Lahaussois, Boyd Michailovsky and Dhan Bahadur Rai (2012)

Vulnerable

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
15,000
Native speakers worldwide

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"[T]he language is still being acquired by children, even by some non-Khaling children (Sherpa, Tamang, or Kami) living in the Khaling-speaking area." (p.1096)

SPEAKER ATTITUDE

positive

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Nepali

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Nearly all the Khaling speakers are bilingual in Nepali.

PLACES: Nepal

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Solukhumbu, Eastern Nepal

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
9,288
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 2001 (census data)

PLACES: Nepal

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
9,288
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available
18,000
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 2002 UNESCO

DOMAINS OF USE

MORE ON VITALITY

Vigorous. Home, religion.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Nepali

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

"Most speakers of Khaling use Nepali as well .Older women are less bilingual and many have only minimal comprehension of Nepali."

Scripts (Writing system)

Devanagari script

PLACES: Nepal; India

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "Sagarmatha zone, Solu Khumbu, Khotang districts; Koshi zone, Bhojpur, Sankhuwasawa, Terhathum districts; Mechi zone, Panchtar and Ilam districts. Also in India: Darjeeling and Sikkim area, scattered."

	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing			Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub	9,288	2001 (census data)	1000-9999					Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Nepal		27.5781,86.7163
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)		M. Paul Lewis		SIL International			Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	18,000	2002 UNESCO	10000-99999	Nepali		"Most speakers of Khaling use Nepali as well .Older women are less bilingual and many have only minimal comprehension of Nepali."	most	Threatened (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		Vigorous. Home, religion.	12		Nepal; India	"Sagarmatha zone, Solu Khumbu, Khotang districts; Koshi zone, Bhojpur, Sankhuwasawa, Terhathum districts; Mechi zone, Panchtar and Ilam districts. Also in India: Darjeeling and Sikkim area, scattered."
		2012	An overview of Khaling verbal morphology	1095-1170		online		Language and Linguistics	13		http://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/files/publication/j2012_6_03_7314.pdf	Guillaume Jacques, Aimée Lahaussois, Boyd Michailovsky and Dhan Bahadur Rai	Jacques, Guillaume and Lahaussois, Aimée and Michailovsky, Boyd and Rai, Dhan Bahadur. 2012. An overview of Khaling verbal morphology. Language and Linguistics 13. 1095-1170.		15,000		10000-99999	Nepali	positive	Nearly all the Khaling speakers are bilingual in Nepali.	all	Vulnerable (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	"[T]he language is still being acquired by children, even by some non-Khaling children (Sherpa, Tamang, or Kami) living in the Khaling-speaking area." (p.1096)		10	Nepal	Solukhumbu, Eastern Nepal
0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures		Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press			New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																27.5,86.6666666667
			World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.		9,288		1000-9999					Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Khaling

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

15,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

9,288

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

9,288

Threatened

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

18,000

Discussion

Khaling

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

15,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

9,288

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

9,288

Threatened

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

18,000

Discussion

Suggest information or improvement

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Sources of information

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