Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Aka-Hruso, Ĝusso, Aka, Hrusso, Angka, Angkae, Tenae, Hruso B, Hrus(s)o, Angka(e), Gusso,
CLASSIFICATION		Isolate
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		hru
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Hruso
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (5)

Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)” . Paul M. Lewis; Gary F. Simons; and Charles D. Fennig · Dallas, Texas: SIL International

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3,000
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
(van Driem 2007)

DATE OF INFO: 2007

MORE ON VITALITY

"Steady shift away from Hruso, especially among youth educated outside the area."

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Assamese [asm]
English [eng]
Hindi [hin]
Miji [sjl]

Scripts (Writing system)

Latin

PLACES: India

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng district, Thrizino circle, Jamiri, Husigaon, Gohainthan, Buragaon, Karangonia, Raindogonia, Yayom, Gijiri, Dijungonia, Tulu, Polatari, Raghupam, Tania, Khuppi, Bhalukpong, Balipho, and Palizi villages; East Kameng district, Seppa circle, Pisang village."

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
4,000
Native speakers worldwide

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

DOMAINS OF USE

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"Hruso-Aka...speak Hindi at home, market place and other domains. In fact, Hindi is mostly spoken by people below 55. The older people do still continue to speak their mother tongues.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<3,000
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: India

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: The Hruso live in the southeast of Kameng, where they are concentrated in the Bichom river valley.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
4,000-6,000
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 2008

MORE ON VITALITY

Undergoing a shift to Hindi in some communities.

17th	2013	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)			Paul M. Lewis; Gary F. Simons; and Charles D. Fennig	Dallas, Texas: SIL International						http://www.ethnologue.com Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.), 2013. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		3,000	2007	1000-9999	(van Driem 2007)	Assamese [asm], English [eng], Hindi [hin], Miji [sjl]	Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		"Steady shift away from Hruso, especially among youth educated outside the area."		India	"Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng district, Thrizino circle, Jamiri, Husigaon, Gohainthan, Buragaon, Karangonia, Raindogonia, Yayom, Gijiri, Dijungonia, Tulu, Polatari, Raghupam, Tania, Khuppi, Bhalukpong, Balipho, and Palizi villages; East Kameng district, Seppa circle, Pisang village."
3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing			Paris			http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub	4,000		1000-9999			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						27.1666, 92.6312
	2021	Language Endangerment amongst Hruso-Aka and Koro				SEL	SEL Journal	6 (II)				https://selindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/01_lg_Endg_amongst_Hruso.pdf	Sinha, Nupur & Madhumita Barbora								Severely Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14	"Hruso-Aka...speak Hindi at home, market place and other domains. In fact, Hindi is mostly spoken by people below 55. The older people do still continue to speak their mother tongues.	14
	2007	South Asia and the Middle East	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	289-348	Christopher Mosely	London and NewYork: Routledge					4		George Van Driem	Driem, George Van. 2007. "South Asia and the Middle East." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by Christopher Mosely. 289-348. London and NewYork: Routledge.		<3,000		1000-9999			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				India	The Hruso live in the southeast of Kameng, where they are concentrated in the Bichom river valley.
	2008	Languages of Kameng region, Arunachal Pradesh								Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages		http://www.livingtongues.org/hotspots/hotspot.GSA.hruso.miji.koroaka.html				4,000-6,000	2008	1000-9999			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		Undergoing a shift to Hindi in some communities.

Hruso

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,000

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<3,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,000-6,000

Discussion

Hruso

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,000

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<3,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,000-6,000

Discussion

Suggest information or improvement

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Sources of information

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