您知道Kalispel-Spokane-Pend d'Oreille-Salish处于高危状态吗？

Varieties of this language are spoken by four groups: Spokane, Kalispel, Salish (or Bitterroot Salish, from their original homeland south of Missoula, Montana), and Pend d'Oreilles. The Salish and the Pend d'Oreilles share the Flathead Reservation in Montana with each other and with the Kutenais.

别称		Nqlispélišcn, Kalispel, Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille, Kalispel-Pend D'oreille, Kalispel-Flathead, "Flathead"-Kalispel, Salish, Montana Salish-Kalispel-Spokane, Flathead-Kalispel-Spokane, Flathead-Pend d'Oreille-Spokane, Montana Salish-Pend d'Oreille-Spokane, Séliš, Spokane-Kalispel-Flathead, Qalispé, Flathead-Kalispel-Spokane, Spokan, Montana Salish-Kalispel-Spokane, Flathead-Pend d'Oreille-Spokane, Montana Salish-Pend d'Oreille-Spokane, Spokane-Kalispel-Flathead, Npoqínišcn, Spokane, Flathead, Selish
语系		Salishan, Interior Salish
语言代码		fla, spo
方言和语支		Kalispel Pend d'Oreille Spokane Montana Salish
下载		文件格式： csv
其他评论		Because four separate groups are represented, entering their language under a single name is problematic. However, the varieties used by each tribe are mutually intelligible with few dialectal differences, so their languages are represented with one entry here. Ethnologue has 2 languages here, Kalispel-Pend d’Oreille [fla] and Spokane [spo].

Compare Sources (6)

信息不完整 “North America” (7-41) . Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco (2008) , Chris Moseley and Ron Asher · Routledge

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
70
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
更多关于使用语言人数的信息
Speaker number: 70 (?)

更多关于活力的信息

Spokane-Kalispel is spoken in 3 major dialects: (1) Spokane dialect (It has only 2 fluent first-language speakers, a married couple in their 70s; (2) Flathead dialect (also known as Montana Salish) (about 60 fluent first-language speakers of Flathead, one in his 40s, another about 55, all others 65 or older). A sub-dialect is said to characterize Flathead speakers of Pend d’Oreille descent. (3) Kalispel dialect (a few speakers, information is scant). (Golla et al. 2008.)

地点: USA; Montana

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
66
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
民族人口
7,800
不完全使用者
A few
更多关于使用语言人数的信息
58 in Salish and Pend d’Oreille; 4 in Kalispel; 2 Spokane.

传承情况

更多关于活力的信息

Shifting to English. Older adults only.

相关机构的支持

Classes, revival programs, dictionary, grammar

语言环境评论

"Flathead dialect classes in some reservation schools and at the tribal college. Language camp in the summer. Kalispel Tribe has begun documentation and revitalization program."
Spokane: "Language revival program is expanding to provide instruction at all grade levels in the reservation school."

地点: USA; Montana, Washington

其他评论: Northeast Washington, Kalispel Reservation; northwest Montana, Flathead Reservation.

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
65
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

地点: USA; Montana

濒危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
200
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

地点: USA; Montana

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.														48.0,-117.0
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International	Dallas, Texas	http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		7,800	66	10-99	58 in Salish and Pend d’Oreille; 4 in Kalispel; 2 Spokane.	A few	"Flathead dialect classes in some reservation schools and at the tribal college. Language camp in the summer. Kalispel Tribe has begun documentation and revitalization program." Spokane: "Language revival program is expanding to provide instruction at all grade levels in the reservation school."	Classes, revival programs, dictionary, grammar	Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	Shifting to English. Older adults only.	Northeast Washington, Kalispel Reservation; northwest Montana, Flathead Reservation.	USA; Montana, Washington
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		65	10-99					Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				USA; Montana	47.5944,-114.1182
		2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher		Routledge	London		Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.			70	10-99	Speaker number: 70 (?)				Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		Spokane-Kalispel is spoken in 3 major dialects: (1) Spokane dialect (It has only 2 fluent first-language speakers, a married couple in their 70s; (2) Flathead dialect (also known as Montana Salish) (about 60 fluent first-language speakers of Flathead, one in his 40s, another about 55, all others 65 or older). A sub-dialect is said to characterize Flathead speakers of Pend d’Oreille descent. (3) Kalispel dialect (a few speakers, information is scant). (Golla et al. 2008.)		USA; Montana
	2nd edition	2010	Endangered Languages of the United States	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing	108-130	Christopher Moseley		UNESCO	Paris		Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell	Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.													USA; Montana	47.5944,-114.1182
			World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			200	100-999					Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Kalispel-Spokane-Pend d'Oreille-Salish

语言元数据

语言文献论坛

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

70

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

66

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

65

濒危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

200

讨论

Kalispel-Spokane-Pend d'Oreille-Salish

语言元数据

语言文献论坛

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

70

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

66

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

65

濒危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

200

讨论

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