Nicaragua Creole English
[aka Mískito Coast Creole English, Miskito Coast Creole (MCC), ...]Classification: Pidgin or Creole
·vulnerable
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Vulnerable
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
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35,000-50,0000
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Nicaraguan Creole English is spoken as a first language by 35,000 to 50,000 ethnic Creoles, the Rama, Nicaraguan Garifuna, and some Miskito, and as an L2 by other Miskitos and some Mestizos.
- OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
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Spanish; English; Western Kwa languages
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especially Twi-Fante; Miskito; Rama; Arawakan
- LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS
"Creole English is used to an increasing degree in the churches (Decker & Keener 1998) and in bilingual education programs...virtually all reading is done in Spanish" (Bartens 2013:116).
- PLACES
- Autonomous Regions of the Atlantic Coast, Nicaragua; Nicaragua; USA
- LOCATION DESCRIPTION
Speakers themselves identify at least the variants of Bluefields, the Corn Islands, Pearl Lagoon, Rama Cay, Orinoco, and Bilwi. There are also Creole speakers in Bonanza, La Rosita, Siuna, and some other smaller settlements as well as in Managua and on the Pacific coast of the country in general.
- ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
Autonomous Regions of the Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast; diaspora communities in Nicaragua (Managua) and the United States.