Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Ushuji, Dardu
CLASSIFICATION		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern Zone
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		ush
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Language policy, multilingualism and language vitality in Pakistan” (73-106) . Tariq Rahman (2006) , Anju Saxena and Lars Borin · Mouton de Gruyter

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,000
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 2002

MORE ON VITALITY

"J. Baart (2003) suspects that the language is under great pressure and is moribund."

PLACES: Pakistan

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "Chail Vally, Swat District"

Threatened

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~2,000
Native speakers worldwide

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"The vitality of Ushojo may be somewhat threatened by the use of Pashto, the dominant lingua franca of the Swat region. [...] An old man from Bishigram reported that the young people there know Ushojo but speak Pashto [...] it appears that attitudes toward Ushojo may be fairly positive. Respondents from both locations felt that Ushojo will not die out. Older men said that people would not stop using Ushojo. Children are reportedly still learning Ushojo in their homes; not mixing their languages, but speaking Ushojo purely. The younger men said they wanted their children to learn Ushojo first (they also want them to learn Pashto and Torwali). [...] It would seem that the future of Ushojo is in the hands of the younger generation. If they see an importance to teaching it to their children, Ushojo may indeed continue to be vital."

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Torwali; Pashto

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

"Madyan is the nearest town with a bazaar and most of the shopkeepers speak Pashto. The Ushojo people therefore must learn Pashto to do any business in Madyan.... Ushojo speakers’ ability in Pashto was 'very good'."

PLACES: Pakistan

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: About half-way up the Swat Valley in northern Pakistan [...] Ushojo is spoken by an estimated 2,000 people in twelve villages. The names of the villages which are predominantly Ushojo are as follows: Bishigram, Shepiza, Kas, Derai, Nalkot, Karial, Sore, Tangai Banda, Kappal (Kafir) Banda, Moghul Mar, Tukai, and Danda.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
500
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 2007

PLACES: Pakistan;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Upper reaches of Bishigram (Chail) Valley, east of Madyan, Swat Kohistan. 12 villages

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,000
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,000
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,000
Native speakers worldwide

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: Pakistan

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: On the Bishigram side valley of the Swat River

Routledge Language Family Series		2003	Dardic	The Indo-Aryan Languages	818-894	George Cardona and Dhanesh Jain	London & New York: Routledge				Elena Bashir	Bashir, Elena. 2003. "Dardic." In The Indo-Aryan Languages, edited by George Cardona and Dhanesh Jain. 818-894. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	2,000		1000-9999		Torwali, Pashto		Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)			Pakistan	On the Bishigram side valley of the Swat River
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International		Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	500	2007	100-999				Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)			Pakistan;	Upper reaches of Bishigram (Chail) Valley, east of Madyan, Swat Kohistan. 12 villages
		2006	Language policy, multilingualism and language vitality in Pakistan	Lesser-known languages of South Asia: status and policies, case studies and applications of information technology	73-106	Anju Saxena and Lars Borin	Mouton de Gruyter		Berlin		Tariq Rahman	Tariq Rahman. 2006. "Language Policy, Multilingualism and Language Vitality in Pakistan." In Lesser-known languages of South Asia: status and policies, case studies and applications of information technology, edited by Anju Saxena and Lars Borin. 73-106. Mouton de Gruyter.		1,000	2002	1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		"J. Baart (2003) suspects that the language is under great pressure and is moribund."	Pakistan	"Chail Vally, Swat District"
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing		Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub	2,000		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					35.0209,72.897
			Glottolog							http://www.glottolog.org/glottolog/		"Glottolog." Online: http://www.glottolog.org/glottolog/.													35.155575, 72.644692
			World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.		2,000		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan		1992	Ushojo	Languages of Kohistan	65-80	Calvin R. Rensch and Sandra J. Decker and Daniel G. Hallberg	Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics	1			Decker, Sandra J.	Decker, Sandra J. 1992. "Ushojo." In Languages of Kohistan, edited by Calvin R. Rensch et al.. 1: 65-80. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics.	HHOLD	~2,000		1000-9999	Trade	Torwali; Pashto	"Madyan is the nearest town with a bazaar and most of the shopkeepers speak Pashto. The Ushojo people therefore must learn Pashto to do any business in Madyan.... Ushojo speakers’ ability in Pashto was 'very good'."	Threatened (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11	"The vitality of Ushojo may be somewhat threatened by the use of Pashto, the dominant lingua franca of the Swat region. [...] An old man from Bishigram reported that the young people there know Ushojo but speak Pashto [...] it appears that attitudes toward Ushojo may be fairly positive. Respondents from both locations felt that Ushojo will not die out. Older men said that people would not stop using Ushojo. Children are reportedly still learning Ushojo in their homes; not mixing their languages, but speaking Ushojo purely. The younger men said they wanted their children to learn Ushojo first (they also want them to learn Pashto and Torwali). [...] It would seem that the future of Ushojo is in the hands of the younger generation. If they see an importance to teaching it to their children, Ushojo may indeed continue to be vital."	Pakistan	About half-way up the Swat Valley in northern Pakistan [...] Ushojo is spoken by an estimated 2,000 people in twelve villages. The names of the villages which are predominantly Ushojo are as follows: Bishigram, Shepiza, Kas, Derai, Nalkot, Karial, Sore, Tangai Banda, Kappal (Kafir) Banda, Moghul Mar, Tukai, and Danda.	35.081912, 72.666050

Ushojo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Threatened

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~2,000

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,000

Discussion

Ushojo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Threatened

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~2,000

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,000

Discussion

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