Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Hishkariana, Hixkaryána, Hishcariana, Waiboi, Hixkariana, Hichkaryana, Sokaka, Faruaru, Xereu, Kumiyana, Parukoto-Charuma, Sherewyana, Wabui, Xerewyana, Parucutu, Chawiyana, Hishkaryana
CLASSIFICATION		Cariban, Parukotoan
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		hix
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (7)

Information from: “Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking” (167-234) . Crevels, Mily (2012) , Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona · Mouton de Gruyter

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
600
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
631

DATE OF INFO: ethnic population (2006)

PLACES: Brazil

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
600
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
600
Native speakers worldwide

Ethnic population
804-1,116
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Speaker number is unknown; population estimates range from 804 (1991) to 1,116 (1980.7

MORE ON VITALITY

Most Hyxkaryana speak their native language.

PLACES: Brazil

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Brazil, Amazonas State, from the Upper Nhamunda River to the Mapuera and Jatapu rivers, Municipality of Faro, Terra Indıgena Nhamunda-Mapuera, in the multi-ethnic village of Cassaua, close to the Wai Wai.

Threatened

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available
600
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
680

DATE OF INFO: 2000 (speakers); 2006 (ethnic population)

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

MORE ON VITALITY

"In 1959 the population was about 100, with few children, high infant mortality, low will to live. By 1977 it was 237. Through modern medicine, intermarrying with the Waiwai [waw], self-confidence through literature in Hixkaryana, Hixkaryana teachers running a school for children ages 5 to 14, and government help in setting up a Brazil nut industry, they continue to grow."

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

Support in Brazil nut industry

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

School for ages 5-14

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Waiwai
Portuguese

Scripts (Writing system)

Latin

PLACES: Northeastern Brazil

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "Para and Amazonas states, upper Nhamunda river to Mapuera and Jatapu rivers."

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
300
Native speakers worldwide

	May		5469	2000	Learning the World's Languages Before They Vanish		1156-1159			Science	288		http://www.jstor.org/stable/3075227?origin=JSTOR-pdf	Bernice Wuethrich	Wuethrich, Bernice. 2000. "Learning the World's Languages Before They Vanish." In Science, 288: 1156-1159. Online: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3075227?origin=JSTOR-pdf.			300		100-999					Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
0199255911				2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press			New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.															-1.0,-59.0
		3rd		2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing			Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		600		100-999					Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					-.5493,-58.5131
				2007	South America	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	103-196	C. Moseley	London & New York: Routledge					Mily Crevels	Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	804-1,116				Speaker number is unknown; population estimates range from 804 (1991) to 1,116 (1980.7					Most Hyxkaryana speak their native language.		Brazil	Brazil, Amazonas State, from the Upper Nhamunda River to the Mapuera and Jatapu rivers, Municipality of Faro, Terra Indıgena Nhamunda-Mapuera, in the multi-ethnic village of Cassaua, close to the Wai Wai.
		17th		2013	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)			Paul M. Lewis; Gary F. Simons; and Charles D. Fennig	Dallas, Texas: SIL International				http://www.ethnologue.com Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.), 2013. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		680	600	2000 (speakers); 2006 (ethnic population)	100-999		Waiwai, Portuguese	Support in Brazil nut industry	School for ages 5-14	Threatened (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	"In 1959 the population was about 100, with few children, high infant mortality, low will to live. By 1977 it was 237. Through modern medicine, intermarrying with the Waiwai [waw], self-confidence through literature in Hixkaryana, Hixkaryana teachers running a school for children ages 5 to 14, and government help in setting up a Brazil nut industry, they continue to grow."	10	Northeastern Brazil	"Para and Amazonas states, upper Nhamunda river to Mapuera and Jatapu rivers."
					World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			600		100-999					Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
				2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona	Mouton de Gruyter			Berlin		Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		631	600	ethnic population (2006)	100-999					Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)			Brazil

Hixkaryana

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

600

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

600

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

600

Threatened

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

600

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

300

Discussion

Hixkaryana

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

600

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

600

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

600

Threatened

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

600

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

300

Discussion

Suggest information or improvement

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