Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Muinana, Muinani, Muename, Muinane Bora, Bora-Muinane, Feenemɨna
CLASSIFICATION		Boran
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		bmr
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		El término “Muinane” es ambiguo. Por una parte, es una palabra de la lengua uitoto que significa “gente de abajo”. Con esa palabra fue designado, en tiempos de la cauchería, un grupo hablante de una lengua de la familia lingüística Bora, cuya auto-designación es Feenemɨna (“Gente del centro”). En un segundo sentido, ha sido empleado por Eugene y Dorothy Minor (Diccionario Huitoto Muinane, SIL, 1971) para nombrar el dialecto Nɨpode del uitoto, del río Ampiyacu (Perú). Sin embargo, hoy en día nadie utiliza la palabra “muinane” para referirse a ese dialecto. En algunos textos se trató de introducir la expresión “Murui-Muinane” como una mejor auto-designación, en lugar de “Huitoto” o sus variantes, sin embargo en la actualidad son los hablantes del dialecto Bue quienes se refieren a si mismos como “Murui” y el término “Muinane” se refiere a los hablantes de la lengua Muinane-Bora. (Juan Alvaro Echeverri Restrepo, personal communication, 2014.) [The term "Muinane" is ambiguous. On the one hand, it is a word of the Witoto language meaning "people below". By this word, in times of the rubber trade, speakers of a language of the Boran family were designated, whose self-designation is Feenemɨna ("People of the center"). In a second sense, the term was employed by Eugene and Dorothy Minor (Huitoto Dictionary Muinane, SIL, 1971) to name the Nɨpode dialect of Witoto, of the Ampiyacu River (Peru). However, nowadays nobody uses the word "muinane" to refer to that dialect. Some texts tried to introduce the term "Murui-Muinane" as a better self-designation, instead of "Huitoto" or its variants; however, currenlty it is the speakers of the Bue dialect who refer to themselves as "Murui", and the term “Muinane” refers to speakers of the Muinane-Bora language.]

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Information from: “Catégorisation lexicale en Muinane: Amazonie Colombienne” . De Vengoechea, Consuelo. (2012)

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
78?
Native speakers worldwide
SEMI SPEAKERS
62?
OLDER ADULTS
48
ELDERS
30
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Âge des locuteurs Nombre approx. Niveau de compétence en langue muinane
Muinanes
259 personnes
Plus de 50 ans 22 Hommes Haut
10 Femmes
Entre 35 et 50 ans 30 Hommes Moyen
18 Femmes
Entre 20 et 35 ans 20 Hommes Bas
24 Femmes
Entre 15 et 19 ans 18 adolescents Bas
Entre 5 et 15 117 enfants Très bas
Total Muinanes 259
(p.26)

DATE OF INFO: 2012

PLACES: Colombia

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:  La  région  du  Caquetá  Putumayo  en  Amazonie  colombienne.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
150
Native speakers worldwide

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<100
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
250
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
El territorio ancestral de este grupo está ubicado en el alto rio Cahuinarí, pero sus descendientes (aproximadamente unas 250 personas, descendientes de cuatro parejas sobrevivientes del holocausto cauchero) viven principalmente en la región del Medio Caquetá, cerca de la localidad de Araracuara (Amazonia colombiana). El número de hablantes no debe ser mayor de unas 100 personas.

[The traditional territory of this group is located in the upper rio Cahuinarí, but their descendants (approximately 250 people, descendants of four survivors couples rubber-trade holocaust) live mainly on the Middle Caquetá, near the town of Araracuara (Colombian Amazon). The number of speakers should not exceed about 100 people.]

DATE OF INFO: 2014

PLACES: Colombia

LOCATION DESCRIPTION

El territorio ancestral de este grupo está ubicado en el alto rio Cahuinarí, pero sus descendientes (aproximadamente unas 250 personas, descendientes de cuatro parejas sobrevivientes del holocausto cauchero) viven principalmente en la región del Medio Caquetá, cerca de la localidad de Araracuara (Amazonia colombiana).]

[The traditional territory of this group is located in the upper rio Cahuinarí, but their descendants (approximately 250 people, descendants of four survivors couples rubber-trade holocaust) live mainly on the Middle Caquetá, near the town of Araracuara (Colombian Amazon).]

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
50-100
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
547
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
According to Consuelo Vengoechea (p.c. 2010), there are about 200 Muinane living in forest settlements, of whom approximately 50 still speak the language. In recent years the armed conflict in Colombia has caused many Muinane to migrate to urban centers, but it is not clear how many of these migrants still speak Muinane. (p.225)

PLACES: Colombia

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: According to Consuelo Vengoechea (p.c. 2010), there are about 200 Muinane living in forest settlements, of whom approximately 50 still speak the language. In recent years the armed conflict in Colombia has caused many Muinane to migrate to urban centers, but it is not clear how many of these migrants still speak Muinane.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
150
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
(Unchanged 2016.)

DATE OF INFO: 2007

PLACES: Colombia;

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Amazonas Department, Puerto Santander municipality, south of the Caquetá River; Caqueta Department between Caqueta and Yari rivers.

		2014	Personal communication on Muinane and Nɨpode.				Personal communication.					Juan Alvaro Echeverri Restrepo	Juan Alvaro Echeverri Restrepo. 2014. Personal communication on Muinane and Nɨpode.			250	<100	2014	10-99	El territorio ancestral de este grupo está ubicado en el alto rio Cahuinarí, pero sus descendientes (aproximadamente unas 250 personas, descendientes de cuatro parejas sobrevivientes del holocausto cauchero) viven principalmente en la región del Medio Caquetá, cerca de la localidad de Araracuara (Amazonia colombiana). El número de hablantes no debe ser mayor de unas 100 personas. [The traditional territory of this group is located in the upper rio Cahuinarí, but their descendants (approximately 250 people, descendants of four survivors couples rubber-trade holocaust) live mainly on the Middle Caquetá, near the town of Araracuara (Colombian Amazon). The number of speakers should not exceed about 100 people.]			Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		Colombia	El territorio ancestral de este grupo está ubicado en el alto rio Cahuinarí, pero sus descendientes (aproximadamente unas 250 personas, descendientes de cuatro parejas sobrevivientes del holocausto cauchero) viven principalmente en la región del Medio Caquetá, cerca de la localidad de Araracuara (Amazonia colombiana).] [The traditional territory of this group is located in the upper rio Cahuinarí, but their descendants (approximately 250 people, descendants of four survivors couples rubber-trade holocaust) live mainly on the Middle Caquetá, near the town of Araracuara (Colombian Amazon).]
0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.														-1.0,-72.5
		2012	Catégorisation lexicale en Muinane: Amazonie Colombienne							Université Toulouse le Mirail-Toulouse II	https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/file/index/docid/796760/filename/De_-_Vengoechea_Consuelo.pdf	De Vengoechea, Consuelo.	De Vengoechea, Consuelo. Catégorisation lexicale en Muinane: Amazonie Colombienne. Université Toulouse le Mirail-Toulouse II PhD dissertation. 2012.		48		78?	2012	10-99	Âge des locuteurs Nombre approx. Niveau de compétence en langue muinane Muinanes 259 personnes Plus de 50 ans 22 Hommes Haut 10 Femmes Entre 35 et 50 ans 30 Hommes Moyen 18 Femmes Entre 20 et 35 ans 20 Hommes Bas 24 Femmes Entre 15 et 19 ans 18 adolescents Bas Entre 5 et 15 117 enfants Très bas Total Muinanes 259 (p.26)	62?	30	Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	La  région  du  Caquetá  Putumayo  en  Amazonie  colombienne.	Colombia
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub			150	2007	100-999	(Unchanged 2016.)			Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	Amazonas Department, Puerto Santander municipality, south of the Caquetá River; Caqueta Department between Caqueta and Yari rivers.	Colombia;
			World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.				150		100-999				Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona		Mouton de Gruyter	Berlin			Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.			547	50-100		10-99	According to Consuelo Vengoechea (p.c. 2010), there are about 200 Muinane living in forest settlements, of whom approximately 50 still speak the language. In recent years the armed conflict in Colombia has caused many Muinane to migrate to urban centers, but it is not clear how many of these migrants still speak Muinane. (p.225)			Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	According to Consuelo Vengoechea (p.c. 2010), there are about 200 Muinane living in forest settlements, of whom approximately 50 still speak the language. In recent years the armed conflict in Colombia has caused many Muinane to migrate to urban centers, but it is not clear how many of these migrants still speak Muinane.	Colombia

Muinane

Language metadata

Language information by source

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

78?

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

150

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<100

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

50-100

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

150

Discussion

Muinane

Language metadata

Language information by source

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

78?

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

150

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<100

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

50-100

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

150

Discussion

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