Endangered Languages Project

CLASSIFICATION		Uto-Aztecan, Northern Uto-Aztecan, Numic
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		xaw
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “The Kawaiisu language revitalization effort in southern California” (279-289) . Green, Lydia (2013)

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3
Native speakers worldwide
OLDER ADULTS
3

DATE OF INFO: 2013?

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

The language is highly endangered with only 3 fluent native speakers, all over the age of 60.

SPEAKER ATTITUDE

The language is highly endangered with only three fluent native speakers, all over the age of 60.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

English

PLACES: USA, California

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Southern California

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<10
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
100

DATE OF INFO: 1994

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION

PLACES: USA, California

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: In the Tehachapi region between the Mohave Desert and the San Joaquin Valley in south-central California.

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
9
Native speakers worldwide

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: USA, California

PLACES: USA, California

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
150-200
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
5 (2005 J. Turner). Ethnic population: 150–250 (2005 J. Turner)
(Unchanged 2016.)

DATE OF INFO: 2005

PLACES: USA, California

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: California, south, Tehachapi-Mojave area of the Mojave Desert.

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<10
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
<100

DATE OF INFO: 1994

MORE ON VITALITY

"language of a small unrecognized tribe of the Tehachapi region between the Mohave Desert and the San Joaquin Valley in southcentral California. Fewer than ten speakers were reported in 1994, but this is a significant proportion of the total population of this culturally conservative group, which is less than 100" (Golla 2007:54).

PLACES: USA, California

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Southern California

		2007	North America	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	1-96	C. Moseley	London & New York: Routledge						Victor Golla	Golla, Victor. 2007. "North America." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 1-96. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD		<100	<10	1994	1-9				Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		"language of a small unrecognized tribe of the Tehachapi region between the Mohave Desert and the San Joaquin Valley in southcentral California. Fewer than ten speakers were reported in 1994, but this is a significant proportion of the total population of this culturally conservative group, which is less than 100" (Golla 2007:54).		USA, California	Southern California
0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press			New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																36.0,-117.5
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International			Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		150-200	5	2005	1-9	5 (2005 J. Turner). Ethnic population: 150–250 (2005 J. Turner) (Unchanged 2016.)			Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				USA, California	California, south, Tehachapi-Mojave area of the Mojave Desert.
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing			Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub			10		10-99				Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				USA, California		35.0589,-118.4026
		2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher	Routledge			London			Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.			100	<10	1994	1-9				Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15		15	USA, California	In the Tehachapi region between the Mohave Desert and the San Joaquin Valley in south-central California.
	2nd edition	2010	Endangered Languages of the United States	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing	108-130	Christopher Moseley	UNESCO			Paris			Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell	Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.														USA, California		35.0589,-118.4026
			World Oral Literature Project									http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.				9		1-9				Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		2013	The Kawaiisu language revitalization effort in southern California		279-289			SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics	16		SOAS	http://www.soas.ac.uk/linguistics/research/workingpapers/volume-16/file88045.pdf	Green, Lydia	Green, Lydia. 2013. The Kawaiisu language revitalization effort in southern California. SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics 16: 279-289.		3		3	2013?	1-9		English	The language is highly endangered with only three fluent native speakers, all over the age of 60.	Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	The language is highly endangered with only 3 fluent native speakers, all over the age of 60.	15	USA, California	Southern California

Kawaiisu

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

9

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

Discussion

Kawaiisu

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

9

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

Discussion

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