Kgalagadi
[aka Khalagari, Khalakadi, Kxhalaxadi]Classification: Niger-Congo
·vulnerable
Classification: Niger-Congo
·vulnerable
Khalagari, Khalakadi, Kxhalaxadi, Qhalaxarzi, Shekgalagadi, Sekgalagadi, Kgalagari, Qhalaxadi, Kalahari, Qalaqarzi, Kxalaxari, Kxhxlaxadi |
||
Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Benue-Congo, Southern Bantoid |
||
ISO 639-3 |
||
xkv |
||
As csv |
||
Information from: “Sekgalagadi: dialect or language?” (47-56) . Andersson, Lars-Gunnar and Janson, Tore (1997) Longman Botswana
"We have arrived at a figure of between 10,000 and 15,000, but this estimate is highly uncertain."
Setswana
"It has been reported (Vossen 1988b) that young speakers in Ngamiland tend to abandon Sekgalagadi in favour of Setswana... it may not be advisable to assume that the trend is necessarily the same in the whole country.... Still, in view of the low social position of the speakers and considerable pressure from Setswana, the language is likely to lose many speakers as time goes by.
However, it is also true that the social situation, including how speakers perceive the situation of themselves and their language, may well change. This may actually be happening in this case. Solway (1994) reports that the Bakgalagadi in recent years assert themselves much more than before and show much pride in their language."
"Spoken by the Bakgalagadi, who are widely spread over much of Botswana. They live mainly in the Kgalagadi desert or on its outskirts."
Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
40,000 in Botswana (2004 R. Cook). Population total all countries: 40,100.
South and central, along South Africa border, north Kgalagadi District, west Kweneng and Southern districts; Ghanzi District, Ghanzi, Kanagas, Tsotsha, Kuke, Karakobis, Ncojane, Kule, Charles Hill, New Xade, Dekar, and Grootlaagte; Northwest District, Sehitwa and Maun. Also in Namibia.
Information from: “A sociolinguistic survey of the languages of Botswana” (1-142) . Hasselbring, Sue (2000) Basarwa Languages Project, Collaborative Basarwa Research Programme of the Univ. of Botswana & Univ. of Tromsø
Kgalagadi, Southern, Kweneng, Ghanzi, Northwest, Botswana
Information from: “Where are the Khoesan of Botswana?” (13-31) . Sue Hasselbring (2000) , Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja · Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang
34,000-43,500
Information from: “The Shekgalagadi Struggle for Survival: Aspects of Language Maintenance and Shift” (56-77) . Stephen T. M. Lukusa (2000) , Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja · Peter Lang
10,000-15,000 in Botswana
"The majority of Shekgalagadi speakers are no longer monolingual... This multilingualism is the beginning of a slow but sure process of shift at the end of which originally monolingual native speakers acquire mother-tongue-like proficiency in Setswana, while losing by the same token competence in Shekgalagadi, the symbol of their ethnic identity."
English
Setswana
Naro
Sarwa
Afrikaans
Ndebele
Herero
Sotho
Xhosa
Kgothu
!Xóõ
"...the Kgalagadi population sample examined in this study still points to a very high rate of illiteracy of respondents in their own mother tongue."