Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Parauhano, Parahujano, Parujano, Anyú, Añú, Añún
CLASSIFICATION		Arawakan, Northern Arawakan, Maritime
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		pbg
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Alile Toa
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “El añú o paraujano, una lengua arahuaca moribunda” (129-159) . Álvarez, José (2009)

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
20,000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Aunque actualmente existen 20.000 persons de esta etnia, el añú ha cesado la transmission inter-generacional y, al paraecer, solo la recuerdan contadísimas personas de edad muy avanzada y es de presumir que, incluso estas personas, conozcan la lengua de modo muy fragmentario. La única excepción parece ser Jofris Márquez … que la aprendió de su finada abuela. (p.130.)

[Although there are currently 20,000 persons of this ethnic group, Añú has ceased inter-generational transmission and, it seems, only a few persons people of advanced age remember it and it is to be presumed that even these people know the language very fragmentarily. The only exception appears to be Jofris Marquez ... who learned it from his late grandmother. (p.130.)]

DATE OF INFO: 2009

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Only 1 speaker (2009).

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Spanish

PLACES: Venezuela

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: State of Zulia, West coast of Lake Maracaibo and nearby islands.

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
20
Native speakers worldwide

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
20-30
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
17,440

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION

PLACES: Venezuela, Zulia State, between Maracaibo and the La Guajira Peninsula

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
20
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
17,400
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Nearly extinct.

DATE OF INFO: 2007

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION

PLACES: Venezuela

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Zulia state: Lake Maracaibo, near Guajiro.

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
20
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
11,205
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Moribund with only approximately 20 speakers left, most of whom speak Spanish and Guajiro as well.

DATE OF INFO: 2001

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Moribund with only approximately 20 speakers left, most of whom speak Spanish and Guajiro as well.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Spanish
Guajiro

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Moribund with only approximately 20 speakers left, most of whom speak Spanish and Guajiro as well.

PLACES: Venezuela

Dormant
No known speakers.
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
4,306
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data for the number of native speakers comes from Gaceta Indigenista (1975).

DATE OF INFO: 1975

PLACES: Venezuela;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Zulia State, Lake Maracaibo, near Guajiro.

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Zulia State, Lake Maracaibo, near Guajiro.

16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International			Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	4,306	No known speakers.	1975		Data for the number of native speakers comes from Gaceta Indigenista (1975).			Dormant ()				Zulia State, Lake Maracaibo, near Guajiro.	Venezuela;	Zulia State, Lake Maracaibo, near Guajiro.
	2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International			Dallas, Texas	http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		17,400	20	2007	10-99	Nearly extinct.			Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15		15	Zulia state: Lake Maracaibo, near Guajiro.	Venezuela
	2009	El añú o paraujano, una lengua arahuaca moribunda		129-159				Lingüística	22		http://www.mundoalfal.org/sites/default/files/revista/22_linguistica_129_159.swf	Álvarez, José	Álvarez, José. 2009. El añú o paraujano, una lengua arahuaca moribunda. Lingüística 22.129-159.		20,000	1	2009	1-9	Aunque actualmente existen 20.000 persons de esta etnia, el añú ha cesado la transmission inter-generacional y, al paraecer, solo la recuerdan contadísimas personas de edad muy avanzada y es de presumir que, incluso estas personas, conozcan la lengua de modo muy fragmentario. La única excepción parece ser Jofris Márquez … que la aprendió de su finada abuela. (p.130.) [Although there are currently 20,000 persons of this ethnic group, Añú has ceased inter-generational transmission and, it seems, only a few persons people of advanced age remember it and it is to be presumed that even these people know the language very fragmentarily. The only exception appears to be Jofris Marquez ... who learned it from his late grandmother. (p.130.)]	Spanish		Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	Only 1 speaker (2009).	15	State of Zulia, West coast of Lake Maracaibo and nearby islands.	Venezuela
3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing			Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		20		10-99				Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							11.022,-71.7352
	2007	South America	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	103-196	C. Moseley		London & New York: Routledge					Mily Crevels	Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	17,440	20-30		10-99				Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15		15		Venezuela, Zulia State, between Maracaibo and the La Guajira Peninsula
	2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona		Mouton de Gruyter			Berlin		Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		11,205	20	2001	10-99	Moribund with only approximately 20 speakers left, most of whom speak Spanish and Guajiro as well.	Spanish, Guajiro	Moribund with only approximately 20 speakers left, most of whom speak Spanish and Guajiro as well.	Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	Moribund with only approximately 20 speakers left, most of whom speak Spanish and Guajiro as well.	15		Venezuela

Paraujano

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

20

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

20-30

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

20

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

20

Dormant

No known speakers.

Discussion

Paraujano

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

20

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

20-30

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

20

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

20

Dormant

No known speakers.

Discussion

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