Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		San Carlos-Southern Tonto, San Carlos Apache, White River Apache, Cibecu, Tonto, San Carlos Cluster, Arivaipa, Apache (Western), Apache, Apache, Western, Coyotero
CLASSIFICATION		Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit, Athabaskan, Apachean
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		apw
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “North America” (7-41) . Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco (2008) , Chris Moseley and Ron Asher · Routledge

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<14,000
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Spoken as a first language by up to 14,000 people in several reservation communities in southeastern Arizona. Of these, about 6,000 live on the San Carlos Reservation and 7,000 on the Ft. Apache Reservation (White Mountain Apache Tribe), making up about 65%% of the population of those two tribes. Much smaller numbers of speakers are found at the Tonto Reservation at Payson, at the Camp Verde Reservation, and at the Ft. McDowell Reservation near Scottsdale. A few children at San Carlos and Ft. Apache speak Western Apache as their first language, but most children and young adults are passive speakers or semi-speakers.

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: USA, Arizona

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Southeastern Arizona: the San Carlos Reservation, Ft. Apache Reservation (White Mountain Apache Tribe), the Tonto Reservation at Payson, at the Camp Verde Reservation, and at the Ft. McDowell Reservation near Scottsdale.

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
12,700
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Speaker number data: 1990 census. 303 in San Carlos.

DATE OF INFO: 1990

PLACES: USA, Arizona

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: East central Arizona, several reservations.

PLACES: USA, Arizona

Endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
14,000
Native speakers worldwide

TRANSMISSION

PLACES: USA, Arizona

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
14,000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
20,200
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
14,000 (Golla 2007). 6,000 on San Carlos, 7,000 on Fort Apache Reservation (White Mountain Apache Tribe); smaller numbers at Tonto, Camp Verde, and Fort McDowell reservations (Golla 2007). Ethnic population: 20,200 (Ichihashi-Nakayama et al 2007).

DATE OF INFO: 2007

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Vigorous. A few children at San Carlos and Fort Apache are L1 speakers but most younger people are passive or semi-passive (Golla 2007).

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

English

PLACES: USA: Arizona

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Arizona: several reservations east central.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6,000
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: USA, Arizona

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
12,693
Native speakers worldwide

		2007	North America	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	1-96	C. Moseley		London & New York: Routledge			Victor Golla	Golla, Victor. 2007. "North America." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 1-96. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD		14,000		10000-99999		several dozen		Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13				USA, Arizona
0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																33.75,-110.0
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		12,700	1990	10000-99999	Speaker number data: 1990 census. 303 in San Carlos.			Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					USA, Arizona	East central Arizona, several reservations.
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International	Dallas, Texas	http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		20,200	14,000	2007	10000-99999	14,000 (Golla 2007). 6,000 on San Carlos, 7,000 on Fort Apache Reservation (White Mountain Apache Tribe); smaller numbers at Tonto, Camp Verde, and Fort McDowell reservations (Golla 2007). Ethnic population: 20,200 (Ichihashi-Nakayama et al 2007).		English	Threatened (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	12	Vigorous. A few children at San Carlos and Fort Apache are L1 speakers but most younger people are passive or semi-passive (Golla 2007).	12	Arizona: several reservations east central.	USA: Arizona
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		6,000		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					USA, Arizona		33.2563,-110.4637
		2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher		Routledge	London		Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.			<14,000		10000-99999	Spoken as a first language by up to 14,000 people in several reservation communities in southeastern Arizona. Of these, about 6,000 live on the San Carlos Reservation and 7,000 on the Ft. Apache Reservation (White Mountain Apache Tribe), making up about 65%% of the population of those two tribes. Much smaller numbers of speakers are found at the Tonto Reservation at Payson, at the Camp Verde Reservation, and at the Ft. McDowell Reservation near Scottsdale. A few children at San Carlos and Ft. Apache speak Western Apache as their first language, but most children and young adults are passive speakers or semi-speakers.		English	Threatened (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	12		13		USA, Arizona	Southeastern Arizona: the San Carlos Reservation, Ft. Apache Reservation (White Mountain Apache Tribe), the Tonto Reservation at Payson, at the Camp Verde Reservation, and at the Ft. McDowell Reservation near Scottsdale.
	2nd edition	2010	Endangered Languages of the United States	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing	108-130	Christopher Moseley		UNESCO	Paris		Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell	Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.														USA, Arizona		33.2563,-110.4637
			World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			12,693		10000-99999				Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Western Apache

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<14,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,700

Endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

14,000

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

14,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,693

Discussion

Western Apache

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<14,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,700

Endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

14,000

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

14,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,693

Discussion

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