• At risk

  20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

• 570,000

  Native speakers worldwide
• Ethnic population

  570, 000

SPEAKER ATTITUDE

'the language is less subject to external influences, and kinship ties and traditional life are still strongly maintained'

PLACES

the north-west of Lake Toba; Karo regency, Kabupatens Langkat and Deli-Serdang, North Sumtra, Indonesia