Also Known As:
Bokha, Hlaka Mujima, Phula
Dialects & Varieties
Dialectology as dialectic: interpreting Phula variation.
Pelkey, Jamin R. 2011. Dialectology as dialectic: interpreting Phula variation. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter Mouton.
Endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
9,000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 3
Only about half of community members speak the language. Speaker numbers are decreasing steadily, but not at an accelerated pace.
3
Domains of Use
Domain Of Use 4
Used mainly only in the home and/or with family, and may not be the primary language even in these domains for many community members.
4
Transmission
Transmission 2
Most adults in the community are speakers, but children generally are not.
2
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
15,000
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
No results found.
Location and Context
Countries
China
Location Description
Shuitian (水田), Lengquan (冷泉) and Qilubai (期路白) Townships of Mengzi (蒙自) County, and Xinxian (新現) Township of Pingbian (屏邊) County, Yunnan Province.
Government Support
no
Institutional Support
no
Speakers' Attitude
No results found.
Other Languages Used By The Community
(southewestern) Mandarin
Number of Other Language Speakers:
all
Domains of Other Languages:
most domains
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
no
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
No results found.
Recent Resources
Message informatif
No results found.