A woman sings in Puyuma while weeding in Beinan Cultural Park with many others.
Also Known As:
Pyuma, Pilam, Pelam, Piyuma, Panapanayan, Kadas, Tipun, Sprache von Formosa, Proto-Puyuma, 卑南語
Dialects & Varieties
- Nanwang
- Katipul (and Kasavakan)
- others
A Reference Grammar of Puyuma, an Austronesian Language of Taiwan
Stacy Teng. A Reference Grammar of Puyuma, An Austronesian Language of Taiwan. PhD thesis, Australian National University, 2007.
Severely Endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~1000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 4
Less than half of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing at an accelerated pace.
4
Domains of Use
Domain Of Use 4
Used mainly only in the home and/or with family, and may not be the primary language even in these domains for many community members.
4
Transmission
Transmission 4
Many of the grandparent generation speak the language, but younger people generally do not.
4
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
9197
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
No results found.
Location and Context
Countries
Taiwan
Location Description
The Puyuma people reside in Southeastern Taiwan in Taitung City and Peinan Township in Taitung County.
Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
No results found.
Other Languages Used By The Community
Mandarin, Japanese (elderly population only)
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
None
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
No results found.
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
No results found.