Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Kuakua, Guagua, Quaqua, Piaroa-Maco, Ature, Adole, Piaroa-Mako, Wothüha, Uhothha, Uwotjüja, Wo'tiheh, Dearwa, Deruwa,
CLASSIFICATION		Saliban
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		pid
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS

Compare Sources (6)

Information from: “Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking” (167-234) . Crevels, Mily (2012) , Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona · Mouton de Gruyter

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
13,773
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
15,267
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
In Colombia: 773 (speakers and ethnic population).
In Venezuela: 13,000 (ethnic population 14,494).

DATE OF INFO: 2001

PLACES: Colombia and Venezuela

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
12,280
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
14,494
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
12,200 in Venezuela (2001 census).

DATE OF INFO: 2001

MORE ON VITALITY

Because of strong ethnic identity, the language is conserved to a high degree (Crevels 2007).

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Maquiritari
Spanish
Yawarana

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Also use Maquiritari [mch], Spanish [spa], Yabarana [yar]. Used as L2 by Maco [wpc].

PLACES: Venezuela; Colombia;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Amazonas, Orinoco River south bank, inland from Paguasa River to Manapiari.

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Amazonas, Orinoco River south bank, inland from Paguasa River to Manapiari.

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
11,800
Native speakers worldwide

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
12,080
Native speakers worldwide

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
14,580
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
15,300
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
In Venezuela: 14,500 (speakers and ethnic population.
In Colombia: 80 speakers, 800 ethnic population.

DATE OF INFO: 1991 (Colombia), 2001 (Venezuela)

PLACES: Venezuela, Colombia

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: In Venezuela: Amazonas state: Orinoco River south bank, inland from Paguasa river to Manapiare; into southwestern Bolivar state.
In Colombia: Vaupés department: Resguardo Matavén Fruta, and Selva de Matavén; on Venezuela border, banks of smaller tributaries of Guaviare, Manaveni, Vichada, and Zama rivers.

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.														5.0,-67.0
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	14,494	12,280	2001	10000-99999	12,200 in Venezuela (2001 census).	Maquiritari, Spanish, Yawarana	Also use Maquiritari [mch], Spanish [spa], Yabarana [yar]. Used as L2 by Maco [wpc].	Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	Because of strong ethnic identity, the language is conserved to a high degree (Crevels 2007).	Amazonas, Orinoco River south bank, inland from Paguasa River to Manapiari.	Venezuela; Colombia;	Amazonas, Orinoco River south bank, inland from Paguasa River to Manapiari.
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International	Dallas, Texas	http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		15,300	14,580	1991 (Colombia), 2001 (Venezuela)	10000-99999	In Venezuela: 14,500 (speakers and ethnic population. In Colombia: 80 speakers, 800 ethnic population.			Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		In Venezuela: Amazonas state: Orinoco River south bank, inland from Paguasa river to Manapiare; into southwestern Bolivar state. In Colombia: Vaupés department: Resguardo Matavén Fruta, and Selva de Matavén; on Venezuela border, banks of smaller tributaries of Guaviare, Manaveni, Vichada, and Zama rivers.	Venezuela, Colombia
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		11,800		10000-99999				Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					4.5435,-66.7089
			World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			12,080		10000-99999				Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona		Mouton de Gruyter	Berlin		Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		15,267	13,773	2001	10000-99999	In Colombia: 773 (speakers and ethnic population). In Venezuela: 13,000 (ethnic population 14,494).			Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)			Colombia and Venezuela

Piaroa

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

13,773

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,280

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

11,800

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,080

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

14,580

Discussion

Piaroa

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

13,773

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,280

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

11,800

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12,080

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

14,580

Discussion

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