Did you know Southern Tepehuán is threatened?

ALSO KNOWN AS		Tepecano, O’dam, Audam
CLASSIFICATION		Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Tepiman
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3; Glottolog
LANGUAGE CODE		stp, tla; sout2975
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		lowland Southeastern Tephuan (O'dam) central Central Tepehuan (O'dam) highland Southwestern Tepehuan (Audam)
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Southern Tepehuan (Durango and Narayit, Mexico) - Language Snapshot” . Gabriela Garcia Salido & Michael Everdell (2020) , Peter K. Austin · ELPublishing

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
36,543
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
The Southeastern variety has by far the most speakers.

DATE OF INFO: 2015

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

The Southeastern variety is used in rural schools, church, parties, and at home. Central Tepehuan is not spoken by young people in school or at medical clinics, and Spanish is used bilingually at schools, jobs, markets, and in the city. Those who travel for work or move away permanently significantly decrease their use and transmission of Southern Tepehuan.

SPEAKER ATTITUDE

Description and documentation is ongoing to train students and community members in linguistic & anthropological research methods, software, technology, and a growing corpus.

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

Government agencies and public schools promote Spanish over Southern Tepehuan

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Spanish

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Southeastern Tepehuan is the most documented including a limited reference grammar; Audam has very little published grammatical descriptions; Central Tepehuan lacks any published documentation.

More on Orthography

The Ministry of Public Education released orthographic standards

PLACES: Southern Tepehuan is spoken primarily in Durango and Nayarit States in Mexico. Most speakers live in Mezquital and Pueblo Nuevo, in the Gran Nayar of Sierra Madre Occidental, in Durango State. The Southeastern variety is spoken in Santa María de Ocotán (Juktɨr), Santiago Teneraca (Chianarkam), San Francisco de Ocotán (Koxbilhim), Xoconoxtle (Nakaabtam), and their associated anexos. The Central variety is spoken in Santa María Magdalena de Taxicaringa and its anexos. The Southwestern variety is spoken in San Bernardino Milpillas Chico, San Francisco de Lajas (Aicham) and San Andrés Milpillas Grande, and their anexos.

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
28,917
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"According to the 2010 census (INEGI: National Institute of Statistics and Geography) there are about 26,453 native speakers of Tepehuan (both Southeastern and Southwestern Tepehuan) living in the state of Durango... there are 1,972 registered speakers of Tepehuan living in Nayarit and 492 living in Zacatecas, resulting in a total of 28,917 speakers among the three states."

DATE OF INFO: 2010

SPEAKER ATTITUDE: "Almost all speakers of Tepehuan speak Spanish, but with different degrees of competence. This has resulted in a diglossic situation, where Spanish is the high prestige language and [STP] is the low one."
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: "[STP] is spoken in different contexts within the community such as family, religious ritual, and traditional government events... [it] is commonly spoken in informal (i.e., family) and formal contexts (i.e., ceremonies and traditional government events)."
More on Orthography: "[STP] is characterized by not having a long tradition of writing."

PLACES: Durango

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Mexico

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: "[STP] is spoken in the region of Durango, Mexico (22°59' N Latitude, 104°31' W Longitude), principally in the towns of Santa María Ocotán, Xonocostle, and Mezquital."

		2014	Glottolog 2.3					Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology		http://glottolog.org	Hammarström, Harald & Forkel, Robert & Haspelmath, Martin & Nordhoff, Sebastian	Hammarström, Harald & Forkel, Robert & Haspelmath, Martin & Nordhoff, Sebastian. 2014. Glottolog 2.3. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://glottolog.org)																	23.26,-104.69; 23.16,-103.98; 19.23,-101.73;
ISSN: 1740-6234	December	2020	Southern Tepehuan (Durango and Narayit, Mexico) - Language Snapshot	Peter K. Austin	ELPublishing	Language Documentation and Description	19			http://www.elpublishing.org/docs/1/19/ldd19_09.pdf	Gabriela Garcia Salido & Michael Everdell	Garcia Salido, Gabriela & Michael Everdell. 2020. Southern Tepehuan (Durango and Narayit, Mexico) - Language Snapshot. Language Documentation and Description 19, 87-98. http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/211	36,543	2015	10000-99999	The Southeastern variety has by far the most speakers.	Spanish	Government agencies and public schools promote Spanish over Southern Tepehuan	Description and documentation is ongoing to train students and community members in linguistic & anthropological research methods, software, technology, and a growing corpus.	Southeastern Tepehuan is the most documented including a limited reference grammar; Audam has very little published grammatical descriptions; Central Tepehuan lacks any published documentation.	Threatened (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11	The Southeastern variety is used in rural schools, church, parties, and at home. Central Tepehuan is not spoken by young people in school or at medical clinics, and Spanish is used bilingually at schools, jobs, markets, and in the city. Those who travel for work or move away permanently significantly decrease their use and transmission of Southern Tepehuan.	11	12		Southern Tepehuan is spoken primarily in Durango and Nayarit States in Mexico. Most speakers live in Mezquital and Pueblo Nuevo, in the Gran Nayar of Sierra Madre Occidental, in Durango State. The Southeastern variety is spoken in Santa María de Ocotán (Juktɨr), Santiago Teneraca (Chianarkam), San Francisco de Ocotán (Koxbilhim), Xoconoxtle (Nakaabtam), and their associated anexos. The Central variety is spoken in Santa María Magdalena de Taxicaringa and its anexos. The Southwestern variety is spoken in San Bernardino Milpillas Chico, San Francisco de Lajas (Aicham) and San Andrés Milpillas Grande, and their anexos.		22.921014,-104.609572
		2014	Clause Linkage in Southeastern Tepehuan, a Uto-Aztecan Language of Northern Mexico						The University of Texas at Austin		Gabriela Garcia Salido		28,917	2010	10000-99999	"According to the 2010 census (INEGI: National Institute of Statistics and Geography) there are about 26,453 native speakers of Tepehuan (both Southeastern and Southwestern Tepehuan) living in the state of Durango... there are 1,972 registered speakers of Tepehuan living in Nayarit and 492 living in Zacatecas, resulting in a total of 28,917 speakers among the three states."			"Almost all speakers of Tepehuan speak Spanish, but with different degrees of competence. This has resulted in a diglossic situation, where Spanish is the high prestige language and [STP] is the low one."	"[STP] is spoken in different contexts within the community such as family, religious ritual, and traditional government events... [it] is commonly spoken in informal (i.e., family) and formal contexts (i.e., ceremonies and traditional government events)."	Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					"[STP] is spoken in the region of Durango, Mexico (22°59' N Latitude, 104°31' W Longitude), principally in the towns of Santa María Ocotán, Xonocostle, and Mezquital."	Durango	Mexico	25.4120847,-100.9430248;

Southern Tepehuán

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

36,543

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

28,917

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