濒危语言项目

别称		N\|uu, N\|u, N/u, Khomani, ǂKhomani, /Nusan, =\|Khomani
语系		Tuu, Kwi
注册机构代码		ISO 639-3
语言代码		ngh
方言和语支		N\|uu \|\|'Au
下载		文件格式： csv
更多资源		OLAC 搜索

Compare Sources (12)

信息不完整 “Personal Communication on N||ng” . Matthias Brenzinger (2013)

极危

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
不完全使用者
Few
更多关于使用语言人数的信息
The last male speaker of N||ng passed away in March 2013. There are now five elderly female speakers: three sisters in Upington and two women in Olifantshoek. There are a few semi-speakers who remember words.

信息日期: 2013

使用领域

使用者趋势

传承情况

更多关于活力的信息

All N||ng speakers use exclusively Afrikaans in their daily lives, and only speak N||ng a few times a year when brought together by linguists.

该群体使用的其他语言

Afrikaans

地点: South Africa

地点描述: Three speakers live in Upington and two live in Olifantshoek.

极危

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
7
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
不完全使用者
3

信息日期: 2011

使用领域

传承情况

更多关于活力的信息

"These speakers, who are all elderly people, no longer use N||ng in their daily lives. They communicate in N||ng, however, when brought together by linguists and activists, which happened quite often in the last couple of years. In addition, there are three semi-speakers of N||ng (one at each of the above mentioned places [Upington, Andriesvale, and Olifantshoek]), who are no longer fluent in the language, but still remember lexical items and a few phrases."

地点: South Africa

地点描述: "Four [speakers] stay in the vicinity of Upington, two in the Andriesvale area and one in Olifantshoek."

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<10
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

传承情况

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
12
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
民族人口
500
更多关于使用语言人数的信息
12 (2005 Crawhall), decreasing. Ethnic population: 500 (1998 Nigel Crawhall, South African San Institute)

信息日期: 2005

地点: South Africa;

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<10
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
儿童
0
青年人
0
壮年人
0
老年人
<10

传承情况

地点: South Africa

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<20
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
民族人口
600
儿童
0
青年人
0
壮年人
0
老年人
Less than 20

传承情况

极危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
8
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

极危

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
Just a few elders
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
儿童
0
青年人
0
壮年人
0

使用者趋势
传承情况
该群体使用的其他语言
语言环境评论: "All N|uu speakers have shifted to a primary mode of communication of Afrikaans."

0
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<20
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
11
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

传承情况
使用者态度: Mixed
语言环境评论: "Three N|u speaking elders confirmed that the primary perceived cause of language loss was ecological. The farmers, who controlled their lives and welfare, were hostile to them. Their language was stigmatised along with their identity. They were like immigrants suddenly surrounded by a foreign tongue and living amongst other people, even though they were still present on their ancestral lands... There was not a shift in values or identity for the old people. The world changed under their feet and there was no obvious reason to teach the language to their children. None of the elders ever confided to me that it was a strategy of theirs to hide their culture and language from the children. Nonetheless, this was the cumulative effect."

地点描述: "Spoken by eleven elderly people in Siyanda district in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa and across the border in Kgalagadi District of Botswana."

		March		2013	Personal Communication on N\|\|ng										Matthias Brenzinger	Matthias Brenzinger. 2013. "Personal Communication On N\|\|ng."					5	2013	1-9	The last male speaker of N\|\|ng passed away in March 2013. There are now five elderly female speakers: three sisters in Upington and two women in Olifantshoek. There are a few semi-speakers who remember words.	Few		All	Afrikaans			All	Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	All N\|\|ng speakers use exclusively Afrikaans in their daily lives, and only speak N\|\|ng a few times a year when brought together by linguists.	15	15	South Africa	Three speakers live in Upington and two live in Olifantshoek.	-27.935574, 22.734146; -28.446959, 21.270905;
				2007	"A text documentation of N\|uu" HRELP Abstract									http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=131	Güldemann, Tom	GÃ¼ldemann, Tom. 2007. ""A Text Documentation of N\|uu" HRELP Abstract." Online: http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=131.		0		0	<10		1-9			<10						Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15				South Africa
			3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing			Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub				8		1-9									Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							-26.0105,20.363
		August		2008	Peter K Austin's top 10 endangered languages					The Guardian				http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/aug/27/endangered.languages	Peter Austin	Austin, Peter. 2008. "Peter K Austin's Top 10 Endangered Languages." In The Guardian, Online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/aug/27/endangered.languages.					<10		10-99									Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15
			16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International			Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		500		12	2005	10-99	12 (2005 Crawhall), decreasing. Ethnic population: 500 (1998 Nigel Crawhall, South African San Institute)								Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					South Africa;
				2011	The twelve modern Khoisan languages	Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics									Matthias Brenzinger	Matthias Brenzinger. 2011. "The Twelve Modern Khoisan Languages." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics,					7	2011	1-9		3							Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	"These speakers, who are all elderly people, no longer use N\|\|ng in their daily lives. They communicate in N\|\|ng, however, when brought together by linguists and activists, which happened quite often in the last couple of years. In addition, there are three semi-speakers of N\|\|ng (one at each of the above mentioned places [Upington, Andriesvale, and Olifantshoek]), who are no longer fluent in the language, but still remember lexical items and a few phrases."	15		South Africa	"Four [speakers] stay in the vicinity of Upington, two in the Andriesvale area and one in Olifantshoek."	-27.935574, 22.734146; -28.446959, 21.270905; -26.902936, 20.683308
9780520255609				2008	One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost				University of California						Peter Austin	Austin, Peter. 2008. "One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost." University of California.					<20		10-99									Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
0-9538248-7-X				2005	The Story of !Ui: Causality and Language Shift in Africa	Creating Outsiders: Endangered Languages, Migration and Marginalisation: Proceedings of the Ninth FEL Conference, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 18-20 November 2005		Nigel Crawhall and Nicholas Ostler	Foundation for Endangered Languages			Bath			Nigel Crawhall	Nigel Crawhall. 2005. "The Story of !Ui: Causality and Language Shift in Africa." In Creating Outsiders: Endangered Languages, Migration and Marginalisation: Proceedings of the Ninth FEL Conference, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 18-20 November 2005, edited by Nigel Crawhall and Nicholas Ostler. Bath, Foundation for Endangered Languages.					11		10-99						Mixed	"Three N\|u speaking elders confirmed that the primary perceived cause of language loss was ecological. The farmers, who controlled their lives and welfare, were hostile to them. Their language was stigmatised along with their identity. They were like immigrants suddenly surrounded by a foreign tongue and living amongst other people, even though they were still present on their ancestral lands... There was not a shift in values or identity for the old people. The world changed under their feet and there was no obvious reason to teach the language to their children. None of the elders ever confided to me that it was a strategy of theirs to hide their culture and language from the children. Nonetheless, this was the cumulative effect."		Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15					"Spoken by eleven elderly people in Siyanda district in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa and across the border in Kgalagadi District of Botswana."
				2007	The Lexicon in Language Attrition: The Case of N\|uu		55-65	Doris L. Payne and Jaime Peña	Cascadilla Press	Selected Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference on African Linguistics		Somerville		http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/37/paper1595.pdf	Bonny Sands and Amanda L. Miller and Johanna Brugman	Sands, Bonny, Amanda L. Miller and Johanna Brugman. 2007. "The Lexicon in Language Attrition: The Case of N\|uu." In Selected Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, edited by Doris L. Payne and Jaime Peña. Somerville, 55-65. Cascadilla Press. Online: http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/37/paper1595.pdf.		0		0	Just a few elders		10-99					Afrikaans, Khoekhoegowab, Setswana		"All N\|uu speakers have shifted to a primary mode of communication of Afrikaans."	All	Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15			15
	Multilingual Matters			2005	Language decline and death in Africa: causes, consequences and challenges				Multilingual Matters		132	Buffalo			Herman M. Batibo	Herman M. Batibo. 2005. "Language Decline and Death in Africa: Causes, Consequences and Challenges." 132: Multilingual Matters.	HHOLD				0
					World Oral Literature Project									http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.					10		10-99									Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
9783110170498	Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs			2007	Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa	Language Diversity Endangered	179-204	Matthias Brenzinger	Mouton de Gruyter			Berlin	9		Matthias Brenzinger	Brenzinger, Matthias. 2007. "Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa." In Language Diversity Endangered, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 179-204. Mouton de Gruyter.		0	600	0	<20		10-99			Less than 20						Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15

N||ng

语言元数据

语言文献论坛

极危

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

极危

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

7

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<20

极危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

8

极危

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Just a few elders

0

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<20

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

11

讨论

N||ng

语言元数据

语言文献论坛

极危

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

极危

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

7

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<20

极危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

8

极危

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Just a few elders

0

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<20

极危

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

11

讨论

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信息来源

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