Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Huarayo, Tiatinagua, Chama, Ese Ejja, Ese Eja, Ese Exa, "Chama", Ese'ejja, Tambopata-Guarayo, “Chama", Ese'eha, Guacanawa, Chuncho, Eseʔexa
CLASSIFICATION		Pano-Tacanan, Chama
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		ese
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “A Grammar of Ese Ejja, a Takanan language of the Bolivian Amazon” . Marine Vuillermet (2012)

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1680
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
This number refers to the total population of Ese Ejja people, however the author notes that "I never had the opportunity to meet an Ese Ejja who didn't speak Ese Ejja at all, although a few only reluctantly used it [[je n’ai jamais eu l’occasion de rencontrer un Ese Ejja qui ne parlait pas du tout ese ejja, même si quelques-uns ne l’utilisaient qu’avec réticence]", implying that all self-identifying Ese Ejja people have some level of fluency in the language.

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"Almost all of the two communities speak Ese Ejja fluently, apart from (at least) one adult who speaks Spanish by choice and a few children from mixed marriages (Ese Ejja - another ethnic group)"
[La quasi totalité des deux communautés parle ese ejja couramment, mis à part (au moins) un adulte qui parle espagnol par choix16 et quelques enfants issus de mariages mixtes (Ese Ejja – autre ethnie)]

"The only areas of daily life where the ese ejja is not used seem to me to be mainly school and political speeches, in particular because of the vocabulary associated with these speeches (proyecto 'project (in Spanish)', dinero 'money (esp.)', gallinero 'henhouse (esp.)', etc .. "

[Les seuls domaines de la vie quotidienne où l’ese ejja n’est pas utilisé me semblent être essentiellement l’école et les discours politiques, notamment à cause du vocabulaire associé à ces discours (proyecto ‘projet (en espagnol)’, dinero ‘argent (esp.)’, gallinero ‘poulailler (esp.)’, etc..]

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Spanish

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1090
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
940
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
500 in Bolivia (Crevels 2007), ethnic population 940 (2006 PIB). Total users in all countries: 1,090.
590 in Peru (2007 census), ethnic population 1090 (2007 census).

DATE OF INFO: 2007 (Bolivia), 2007 (Peru)

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: Peru, Bolivia

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS

Bolivia: El Beni, La Paz, and Pando departments; Portachuelo Alto, Portachuelo Bajo, Portachuelo Medio; into foothills on Beni and Madre de Dios rivers.

Peru: Madre de Dios region: Maldonado area on Heath and Tambopata rivers.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,772
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~725
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
805
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
In Peru, there are 225 speakers out of an ethnic group of the same size; in Bolivia there are about 500 speakers out of an ethnic group of 580.

MORE ON VITALITY

Almost all children acquire the language and it is maintained at a high level, but the ethnic group is small.

PLACES: Bolivia and Peru

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Bolivia, departments of La Paz, Beni and Pando, provinces of Iturralde, Ballivian, Vaca Diez and Madre de Dios, on the Beni and Madre de Dios rivers; Peru, along the rivers Madre de Dios and Tambopata and their headwaters in three settlements: Sonene, Palma Real and Infierno.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,200
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: Amazon region, Bolivia and Peru

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Portachuelo is the "Bolivian nucleus" of speaker population

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
782
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,770
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
1,300 in Bolivia (2000 SIL). Population total all countries: 1,770. Ethnic population: 1,300 in Bolivia (2000 SIL).

DATE OF INFO: 2000

PLACES: Bolivia; Peru;

More on Orthography: The language has an alphabet standardized by the Ministry of Education in 2006 (RD No. 0683-2006 ED).

PLACES: Peru; Bolivia

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Spoken in the basin of the Madre de Dios River, near Puerto Maldonado in Peru, and around the Tambopata River and its tributaries (also in Peru), as well as in the basin of the Beni River, in the areas near the cities of Rurrenabaque and Riberalta in Bolivia.

			Base de Datos de Pueblos Indígenas u Originarios						Lima, Peru		http://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/	Ministerio de Cultura															Peru; Bolivia	Spoken in the basin of the Madre de Dios River, near Puerto Maldonado in Peru, and around the Tambopata River and its tributaries (also in Peru), as well as in the basin of the Beni River, in the areas near the cities of Rurrenabaque and Riberalta in Bolivia.
0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																-11.0,-66.0
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		1,770	2000	1000-9999	1,300 in Bolivia (2000 SIL). Population total all countries: 1,770. Ethnic population: 1,300 in Bolivia (2000 SIL).		Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Bolivia; Peru;
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International	Dallas, Texas		http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		940	1090	2007 (Bolivia), 2007 (Peru)	1000-9999	500 in Bolivia (Crevels 2007), ethnic population 940 (2006 PIB). Total users in all countries: 1,090. 590 in Peru (2007 census), ethnic population 1090 (2007 census).	Spanish	Threatened (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11			14	Bolivia: El Beni, La Paz, and Pando departments; Portachuelo Alto, Portachuelo Bajo, Portachuelo Medio; into foothills on Beni and Madre de Dios rivers. Peru: Madre de Dios region: Maldonado area on Heath and Tambopata rivers.	Peru, Bolivia
		2012	A Grammar of Ese Ejja, a Takanan language of the Bolivian Amazon							Université Lumière Lyon 2		Marine Vuillermet				1680		1000-9999	This number refers to the total population of Ese Ejja people, however the author notes that "I never had the opportunity to meet an Ese Ejja who didn't speak Ese Ejja at all, although a few only reluctantly used it [[je n’ai jamais eu l’occasion de rencontrer un Ese Ejja qui ne parlait pas du tout ese ejja, même si quelques-uns ne l’utilisaient qu’avec réticence]", implying that all self-identifying Ese Ejja people have some level of fluency in the language.	Spanish	Vulnerable (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	"Almost all of the two communities speak Ese Ejja fluently, apart from (at least) one adult who speaks Spanish by choice and a few children from mixed marriages (Ese Ejja - another ethnic group)" [La quasi totalité des deux communautés parle ese ejja couramment, mis à part (au moins) un adulte qui parle espagnol par choix16 et quelques enfants issus de mariages mixtes (Ese Ejja – autre ethnie)] "The only areas of daily life where the ese ejja is not used seem to me to be mainly school and political speeches, in particular because of the vocabulary associated with these speeches (proyecto 'project (in Spanish)', dinero 'money (esp.)', gallinero 'henhouse (esp.)', etc .. " [Les seuls domaines de la vie quotidienne où l’ese ejja n’est pas utilisé me semblent être essentiellement l’école et les discours politiques, notamment à cause du vocabulaire associé à ces discours (proyecto ‘projet (en espagnol)’, dinero ‘argent (esp.)’, gallinero ‘poulailler (esp.)’, etc..]	11	10
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		782		100-999			Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)								-12.5867,-69.0161
		2007	South America	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	103-196	C. Moseley		London & New York: Routledge				Mily Crevels	Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	805	~725		1000-9999	In Peru, there are 225 speakers out of an ethnic group of the same size; in Bolivia there are about 500 speakers out of an ethnic group of 580.		Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		Almost all children acquire the language and it is maintained at a high level, but the ethnic group is small.				Bolivia and Peru	Bolivia, departments of La Paz, Beni and Pando, provinces of Iturralde, Ballivian, Vaca Diez and Madre de Dios, on the Beni and Madre de Dios rivers; Peru, along the rivers Madre de Dios and Tambopata and their headwaters in three settlements: Sonene, Palma Real and Infierno.
			World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			1,772		1000-9999			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		2007	"Documentation of the Ese Ejja language of the Amazonian region of Bolivia" HRELP Abstract								http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=99	Vuillermet, Marine	Vuillermet, Marine. 2007. ""Documentation of the Ese Ejja Language of the Amazonian Region of Bolivia" HRELP Abstract." Online: http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=99.			1,200		1000-9999			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Amazon region, Bolivia and Peru	Portachuelo is the "Bolivian nucleus" of speaker population

Ese'jja

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1680

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1090

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,772

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~725

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,200

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

782

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,770

Discussion

Ese'jja

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1680

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1090

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,772

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~725

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,200

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

782

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,770

Discussion

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Sources of information

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