As informações estão incompletas “North America” (7-41) . Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco (2008) , Chris Moseley and Ron Asher · Routledge
Criticamente em risco
80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~125
The principal surviving Sahaptin communities are on the Warm Springs Reservation in northern Oregon (about 50 speakers of Tenino); on the Umatilla Reservation in northeastern Oregon, near Pendleton (25 to 50 speakers of Umatilla and Walla Walla); and at Toppenish on the Yakima Reservation in south central Washington (about 25 fluent speakers and a larger number of less-fluent speakers of Yakima). There is also a small Wanapam-speaking community near Priest Rapids Dam on the Columbia River. A scattering of Sahaptin speakers can also be found among speakers of Okanagan and Nez Perce on the Colville Reservation in northeastern Washington.
TENDÊNCIAS DOS FALANTES
TRANSMISSÃO
LUGARES
USA, Oregon, Washington
DESCRIÇÃO DA LOCALIDADE
Sahaptin: marked dialectal diversity spoken along the Columbia River and adjacent Plateau in eastern Oregon and Washington. Southern Sahaptin (or “River”) varieties were originally spoken along the Columbia River from the Dalles to the Umatilla River, and included Tenino, Wayam, and Umatilla. Northwest Sahaptin varieties were spoken in the Yakima River drainage and included Klickitat, Taitnapam, Upper Nisqually, Yakima, and Kittitas. Northeast Sahaptin varieties were spoken on the Columbia River above Southern Sahaptin and along the lower Snake River, and included Walla Walla, Wanapam, and Palouse.
As informações estão incompletas “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press
As informações estão incompletas “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)” . Paul M. Lewis; Gary F. Simons; and Charles D. Fennig · Dallas, Texas: SIL International
Em risco
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
Tenino [tqn]: Oregon, Warm Springs Reservation. Umatilla [uma]: Northeast Oregon; Umatilla Reservation. Walla Walla [waa]: Oregon, Umatilla Reservation. Yakama [yak]: South central Washington State, Yakima Reservation, Toppenish.
As informações estão incompletas “World Oral Literature Project” .
Em risco
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
100
As informações estão incompletas “Endangered Languages of the United States” (108-130) . Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell (2010) , Christopher Moseley · UNESCO